ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™
  • ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืžืขืงื”
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ื•. ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืงืœืฃ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืืžืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”: ืคืจืฉืช 'ืฉืžืข' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื“-ื˜), ื•ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข' (ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ื’-ื›ื). ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช 'ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข'. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืœื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ื• ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืืชื ื• ืžืžื ื•, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืคืชื—ื™ื ื•.
ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื”
ืกื’ื•ืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”: "ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ืจื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ื›ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ื”' ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื›ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื›ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื). ื•ืืฃ ืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ืœื‘, ื‘; ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื”, ื).
ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืื“ื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืžื’ืฉื ื•ืžืจื•ื—, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืขืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืชื—ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืื“ื, ื™ืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื• ืฉื ืคื— ื‘ื• ื ืฉืžื” ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื•ืขืจืš ืงื™ื•ืžื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ืจื‘ื•, ื•ืชืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœื•, ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ืงืฆืจื• ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ื™ืžื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื• (ืขื™' ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืจืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื ืจืกื”, ื‘).
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื“ื™ืจื” ื ืื”" (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื‘), ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื”. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื "ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื" (ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื“, ื‘), ื›ืš ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืขื™' ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืจืกื”, ื‘). ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืชืื™ื ืœื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ื•, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื ื ืื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื•.
ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื™ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžื ื• (ืจืž"ื ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื”, ื‘). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื ืฉืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ (ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ). ืื•ืžื ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื ืฉืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืชื•.
ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืกืช"ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ืงืœืฃ ืื—ื“ ื•ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื—, ื-ื‘).
ื’ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืชื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืคื—, ื™ื“). ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืคื•ืš - ืคืกื•ืœื”. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืชื™ื—ืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ืœืœ ื”ืคืชื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืคื˜, ื•).
ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืœืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืคืชื—, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืคื•ืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืžืœื—ืœื•ื—ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ (ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœื™ื, ื˜ื–, ื–; ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืงื‘, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืจืคื˜, ื).
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื ื”ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™).
ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืคืชื—, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืกืžืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืจื’ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืง ื—ื–ืง (ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืจืคื˜, ื˜ื•; ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—"ื— ื™ื•"ื“ ื™ื“, ื‘). ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืง ื—ื–ืง. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืงืœ โ€“ ืคืกื•ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืคืชื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื˜), 'ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ืš' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืขืจ. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช 30 ื™ื•ื, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื” ื›ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
ืงื™ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขื” ื•ื ื“ื”, ืคืกื•ืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืœืžืงืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืžื“ืฃ ืฆืจ ื›ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืคืกื•ืœื”.
ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™
ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™ - ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืฉื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœืฃ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื›ื ื’ื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช 'ื•ื”ื™ื” ืื ืฉืžื•ืข', ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืกื•ืคื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืชื”, ื”ืฉื ื ืจืื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”, ื“; ืจื"ืฉ; ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืจืกื•, ื; ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื—, ื˜ื•).
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”' ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•: ืฉื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืชื— ื™ืจืื• ืืช ืฉื ื”ืฉื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ ืžื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืื• ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืžืชืœื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื•ื’ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื–ื”. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืจืง 'ืฉ' - ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื ืฉื“ึพื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื›ื•ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืชื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื•, ื”; ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืž, ื–).
ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ื“ืœืช, ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”" (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื˜, ื).
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ืžื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ (ืจืž"ื ืจืคื˜, ื). ืื ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื•ืžืจื”. ืืš ืื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืื—ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš (ืขื™' ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื—, ื›ื—).
ืžื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืื“ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— (ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืจื , ื’). ืืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื“ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืชื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื—, ื™ื“; ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืกื“, ื). ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื›ืœืœื™ "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื, ื™ื’). ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”", ื•ืื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”". ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”.
ืื™ืฉื”
ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื• (ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”, ื™) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืชื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” (ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืขื; ืืจืฅ ืฆื‘ื™ ื, ื˜ื•; ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืž, ืงืœื; ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจืฆื, ื›ื, ื•ืขื•ื“).
ืงื˜ืŸ
ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื˜ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื•. ืื•ืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ืงื˜ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื•, ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื›ืฉืจื” (ื ื—ืœืช ืฆื‘ื™ [ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื˜] ืจืฆื, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ืฉื–). ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืกืœื™ื (ื—ืงืจื™ ืœื‘ ื’, ืงื›ื—; ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืจืคื˜, ื‘, ื•ืขื•ื“).
ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื™ืจื”, ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”. ื•ืื•ืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืื• ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื—ืžื“ ืžืฉื” ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื˜, ื; ืื‘ื ื™ ื ื–ืจ ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืฉืคื).
ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื’ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” (ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื˜, ื; ื“ืขืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืจืคื˜, ื‘; ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื™ื˜, ื“; ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื•, ืงืกื). ืื•ืžื ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืงื•ื‘ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืขืช ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืœื™ื” ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื”ื (ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื‘, ืจื™ื˜; ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื—"ื’ ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ื ื. ื•ืขื™' ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื˜, ื‘).
ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ื”ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืฉื›ื—ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืœืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื™ื–ื“ืจื–ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื ื‘ืœื ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช (ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”. ืืš ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขื˜ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื–ื“ืจื– ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื•ื‘ืขืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืชื•.
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