ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
  • ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืžึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึทืœึผึดื™ื, ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช, ืœึฐืžึทื”ึฒืœึทืšึฐ ื”ึดืชึฐืึทื—ึฒื“ื•ึผืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื˜ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึปืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ. ื”ึถืึธืจึธืชึธื ืฉืึถืœ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ื™ึทื—ึทื“, ืคึผื•ึนื’ึถืฉืึถืช ื›ึผึธืขึตืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ-ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถืงึผึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืคึผึดื™ ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืงึผึดื‘ึผึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืขึธืชึฐืงึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจ-ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืคึฐืจึถื“ึถืช, - ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื›ึผึทืฉึผืึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ. ื ึตืก-ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒืจึดื™ืกื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึถื“ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืคึฐืœึธื’ื•ึนืช ืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืžึปื›ึฐืจึธื— ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผืจึธื ืกื•ึนืฃ-ืกื•ึนืฃ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึถืจึถืฅ-ื”ึทืชึผึฐื—ึดื™ึผึธื” ื™ึดืคึผึธื’ึฐืฉืื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉืึฐืœึธืžึทืช ืคึผึฐื’ึทื ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชื•ึน. ืžึตื”ึทืชึผึฐืงื•ึผืคึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึทื“ึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ืช ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื”ึธืขึนื– ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึธืฆึฐืžึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช, ืžึตื”ึทืžึฐืึปื—ึถืจึถืช - ื”ึทื‘ึผึดืกึผื•ึผื ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทืกึผึดื’ึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืคึนืจึธื˜, ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื’ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผืœึธื ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ื.
ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืืฉืžื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื– ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืคืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื—ื™ื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืกื—ืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•.
ืชื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืชื” ืจื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจ, ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ - "ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื" 1 . ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื›ืฉืจ - ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’ืื•ืœื”. ืขืฆื ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืฉืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช 2 .
ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื•ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืืžื ื, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ืืœื ืจืง ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”.
ืื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื“ื ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” 'ืฆื“ื™ืง ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ' ืื—ืจ ื›ืš. ืืžื ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื”, ืื•ืœื ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื”ื ืžืฉืœ: ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื• ื›ืคืจื”, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ: "ืœึธืงึฐื—ึธื” ืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ื”' ื›ึผึดืคึฐืœึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื˜ึผึนืืชึถื™ื”ึธ" 3 . ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (39)
ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'
9 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื•' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
10 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื•' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
11 - ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื•' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ื™
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืืžืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช - ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช. ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื” ื‘ืกืžืœื™ื, ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื, "ื”ึทืฆึดื™ื‘ึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึปื ึดื™ื" 4 , ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ืชืจื’ืžื• ืœ'ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื“ืชื™ืช', ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื–ื›ืจ ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืœื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”. ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ืžื–ื” ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ - ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืงืœื•ืฉื™ื, ืขืจื’ื”, ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื - ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื ืฉืžื”, ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช. ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช. ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื”. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื’ื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื”, ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื›ืžื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื”? ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ?
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืื• ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืงืœื•ืฉ ืžืื“. ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• - ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ. ื’ื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืฉ - ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”: "ืฆืคื™ืช ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”" 5 . ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืœื™ื“ ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ื“ืžืขื•ืช, ืื• ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืขืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ - ืฉืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื™ืžืœืื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ื–ืงื ื•ืช. ื”ืžืœื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.

ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืžึทื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ื’ึผึทืœึผึดื™ื, ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช,
 ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืงื™ื•ื. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืชืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื•ืืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจืช ื“ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืจืื• ืฉื•ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช: ื’ื ื™ืœืžื“, ื’ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื’ื ื™ืžืžืฉ ืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื• - ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™? ืื™ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ?! ื–ืืช ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช. ืื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœืžื”, ืื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ื•ื™ืขื” ื•ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืœื ื›ืื™ื•ื ืืœื ื›ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช, ืืš ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืœ ืžืคื ื”, ื•ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื›ื–ื‘ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ืœืœื™ื ืžืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืงืœื•ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืข ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ.
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื“ื—ืคื™ื ื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช. ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื” ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืืฆื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื - ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจ - ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื? ืื• ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื“ืžื, ื—ืœื‘ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื ืœื–ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืคื ื™ ืชื‘ืœ, ืื• ืฉื”ื ื ื“ื—ืงื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืื“ ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ืื• ืื– ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ - ื‘ืื’ื ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ื ืจืื™ื ืคืชืื•ื ื’ืœื™ื. ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื‘ืฉื• ื•ืื™ื ื - ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืข.

ืœึฐืžึทื”ึฒืœึทืšึฐ ื”ึดืชึฐืึทื—ึฒื“ื•ึผืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื˜ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึปืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ.
ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืกื™ืกืžื:"ืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ" 6 , ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืœื’ื™ื ื™ืฆืง ืœื–ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื•. ืื ืฉื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช 'ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™' ืงืจืื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืฉื ืžืงื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื ื•, ืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ืืœื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ - ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.

ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ืฉืฅ 7 , ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” "ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจ" ืขืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ. ื›ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื ื” ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉืœ ื™ืคื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื”ื ืคืœืื”:
ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื ืขื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื‘ืช ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื”, ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช, ื’ื ื ื•ืืฉืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื ื—ึดื•ึฐืจื™ื ื›ืกื™ื“, ืฉืคืชื™ื ื›ืžืจืื” ื”ืชื›ืœืช, ื—ึนื ื‘ื•ืขืจ ื›ืชื ื•ืจ, ืกื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ืคืจืคื•ืจ ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจื™, ื”ื ื” ืคืงื—ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื•ืชืคืชื— ืฉืคืชื™ื” ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืชื ืฆืจ, ื”ื™ื“ื™ึดื ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืขืขื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืื ื” ื•ืื ื”, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ. ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื ื ืขื•ืช, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืจืื” ื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืงื•ืœ ื›ืื•ื‘ ืžื”ืŸ ื ืฉืžืข: "ืืžื, ืืžื, ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ื”". ืงื•ืœ ืฉืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉืžื—ื”, ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืžื—ื™ื, ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื, ื”ืื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื”ื–ืงื ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื—ื• ืžืจึนื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื ืืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื. "ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื”", ื‘"ื” ืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืœืฆืชื” ื—ืžื”. ื’ื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืงืจื•ื ื›ืื”ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉืžื—ืชื”, ืชื—ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฆืขืจื”, ื”ื ื” ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื: "ืื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”", ื”ืงืจื™ื–ื™ืก ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื. ืขืชื” ื”ืชืงื•ื” ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื›ื™ ืชื—ื™ื” ืฉื•ืฉื ื”, ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ืชึดื™ืฃ, ื•ืชื”ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ื•ื‘ื” ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชืฉืืœ ื•ืชืฉืืœ. ืจื•ื—ื” ื•ื’ึฐื•ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื›ื• ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ื—ื–ืง, ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื’ื ืžืจืคื, ื’ื ืžืจืง, ื’ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื—ื, ื’ื ืฉื‚ึทืœึฐืžื”, ื’ื ืฉื‘ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืฉื”ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื’ื ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืขื˜, ื’ื ืกืคืจ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœืžืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ืฆื”ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื•ื”ื–ืงื ื” ื™ื—ื’ืจื• ื’ื™ืœ. ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื“ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื“ืžืข ืฉืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ืžื—ืื• ื›ืฃ ื•ื™ืจืงื“ื• ืžื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘. ื•ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืžืžืœืœื™ื: "ืฉื•ืฉื ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ื™ืคื” ื•ื ื—ืžื“ื”, ืฉื•ืืœืช ื‘ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืื—!.
ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื”, ืฉื•ืฉื ืช ืขืžืงื™ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื‘ืช-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจื”, ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืจื”, ื—ื•ืœืช ืžื—ืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื”, ื”ื–ืขื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื”. ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉื›ื—ื•ื”, ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื• ืžืจืคื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘, ืžืชืงื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืขืชื” ื–ืจื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืจืขื™ื“ ื‘ืจืขื“ ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื›ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืคื™, ืืžื ื•ืช, ืžืœืื›ืช-ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช. ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืชื•, ื™ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื. ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ื•ืื•ืœื™, ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื”, ืžืจื•ื—ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉืคื›ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืช ืชืงื•ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ื ื—ืžื” 8 .

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืœ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืคื™, ืœืžื“ืข, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ื”. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืžืื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช - ื”ึทื˜ึผึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึปืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื‘ึดืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ.
ื›ืขืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื: ื”ึถืึธืจึธืชึธื ืฉืึถืœ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืชึผึดื™ื, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ ื’ึผึทื ื™ึทื—ึทื“, ืคึผื•ึนื’ึถืฉืึถืช ื›ึผึธืขึตืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ-ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ.
ื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•:
ืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถืงึผึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื, - ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื-ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื - ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืคึผึดื™ ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืงึผึดื‘ึผึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืขึธืชึฐืงึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจ-ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ, - ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช - ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืคึฐืจึถื“ึถืช, - ื›ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื - ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื™ึทื—ึทื“ ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื›ึผึทืฉึผืึฐืจึดื™ื - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• - ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ.

ื ึตืก-ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒืจึดื™ืกื•ึผืชึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึผื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ื‘ึผึฐืฆื•ึผืจึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึถื“ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืคึฐืœึธื’ื•ึนืช ืฉืื•ึนื ื•ึนืช, ืžึปื›ึฐืจึธื— ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžื•ึผืจึธื ืกื•ึนืฃ-ืกื•ึนืฃ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึถืจึถืฅ-ื”ึทืชึผึฐื—ึดื™ึผึธื” ื™ึดืคึผึธื’ึฐืฉืื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึฐืึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผื•ึน ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉืึฐืœึธืžึทืช ืคึผึฐื’ึทื ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชื•ึน.

ืžึตื”ึทืชึผึฐืงื•ึผืคึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึทื“ึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ืช - ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื”ึธืขึนื– ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึธืฆึฐืžึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช,
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื”ืืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื—ืฉื• ืื– ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœืฉื™ืื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ื ื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ืื™ืจืขื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืจื”, ื ื—ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื•ืงื ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื, ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื ืื“ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฆืžืชื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“. ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืกื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืชืงื ื• ืื– ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื ืชืงืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™.

 ืžึตื”ึทืžึฐืึปื—ึถืจึถืช - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื•ืื™ืœืš - ื”ึทื‘ึผึดืกึผื•ึผื ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึทืกึผึดื’ึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืคึนืจึธื˜,
ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชื•ืจื ื™ืช ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช.
ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ื—ืจื‘, ืขืœ ืขื•ื–ื‘ื ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื™ - ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื›ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจื”. ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆืจื” ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืขื“ ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื ืกื•ืคื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื. ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืžื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื• ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ื–ื ื— ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•, ืืœื• ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืข ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื–ื• ื”ืฉื ืื”, ืฉื ืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื ื™. ื”ืฉื ืื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื”ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ - ืื—ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขื ืื—ื“.
ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืขืจื›ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“.

ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื’ึผึดื“ึผื•ึผืœึธื ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึฒื‘ึดื™ื.
ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื• ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ึผืช, ืืœื ืจืง ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื”ืžืœืื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื:
ืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถืงึผึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืคึผึดื™ ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืงึผึดื‘ึผึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืขึธืชึฐืงึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจ-ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืคึฐืจึถื“ึถืช,
 ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื“ืชื™.
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืช ื•ื˜ืงืกื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžืืžื•ื ืชื•. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉื ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื™ื, ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื— ืœืขืฆืžื”, ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช 'ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ื“ืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”'. ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื• - ืœึนื ืจึทืง ื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึทืฆึผื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถืงึผึธื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืœึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื,
ื™ืฉื ื• ื“ื’ื ื ื•ืกืฃ - ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทื“ึผึธืชึดื™ืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืคึผึดื™ ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืงึผึดื‘ึผึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืขึธืชึฐืงึธื” ืžึดืžึผึฐืงื•ึนืจ-ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ, - ื–ื”ื• ื“ื’ื ืžืฉืœื ื•. ืœื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืš ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ืžื•ืชื™ - ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืขื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขื ืื•ืชื ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืื•ืชื ื”ืฉืžืฉื™ื. ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื, ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืืžื ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืขืชืงื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืชืงื” ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืœื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื•ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืื•ืžื”.
ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ - ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึผึปืคึฐืจึถื“ึถืช. ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ, ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื’ื ื“ื’ื ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช.

ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื’ืžื™ื. ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื™ื ืจืื• ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื“ืชื™ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงืช, ื›ืžื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืช ืžืฉื” - ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื•ืžื” ืืœื™ื” ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื™ื. ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืขืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืขื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉืœื ืžื—ืงื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœ, ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช. ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื’ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืกื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—. ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืš, ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื”ืจืฆืœ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื ืื™ืžืฆื” ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช.

ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืชื’ืจ, ืฉืœ ื›ื— ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ - ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืงื˜. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืœืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื”
ืื™ื“ื™ืื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช, ื’ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ "ืึถืช ื•ึธื”ึตื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึผืคึธื”" 9 , ืฉื–ื” ืžืงืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืงืœ ื ืขื, 10 ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื—ื“ ืฉื•ืืœ: "ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืชื”"? ื•ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื•: "ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืืชื”"? ื•ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช.

ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”' ื™ื‘ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช. ืื– ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™, ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช. ื›ื™ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช - ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช, ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“. ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืœืžื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™-ืœื•ื—ืžื”, ืืœื ืœืฉื™ื— ืคื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขึดืชื” - ืžืชื•ืš ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.

^ 1. ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื•.
^ 2. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“ ืข"ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืคื™"ื‘ ื”"ื‘.
^ 3. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืž, ื‘.
^ 4. ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื, ื›.
^ 5. ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืข"ื.
^ 6. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื˜, ื™ื‘.
^ 7. ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ืฉืฅ, ื”'ืชืจื›"ื–-ื”'ืชืจืฆ"ื‘ (1932-1867). ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื•ืคืกืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ื”. ื”ืคืš ืœืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืจืก"ื’ (1903) ื•ื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืœืื›ื” 'ื‘ืฆืœืืœ' ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
^ 8. ืื’ืจื•ืช ืจืื™"ื” ื, ืื’ืจืช ืงื ื—.
^ 9. ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื, ื™ื“. ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ ืข"ื‘.
^ 10. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“ ืข"ื.

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ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืื‘ ืกื•ืœื˜ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ'

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื”.
  • undefined
    ื›ืจืš ื'

    ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื˜"ื–

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
  • undefined
    ื›ืจืš ื'

    ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™"ื

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
  • undefined
    ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ

    ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืชืคื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›"ื–

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
  • undefined
    ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ

    ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ืื”ืœื™ ืฉื- ื”ืžืฉืš

    ื›ืจืš ื' ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›"ื• ื—ืœืง 2

    ืชืฉืก"ื”
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il