ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื—ื‘ืœ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ
  • ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ
  • ืฆื‘ื, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืจื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–"ืœ

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื“ ื ืคืกืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ืขืชื” ืื‘ืืจ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื’ื”
ื. ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืœืกื’ืช ืžื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื›ื ื ืชืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืจืฉืช ืื•ืชื”" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’, ื ื’). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ืœื): "ื›ื™ ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœื‘ื ืœืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื, ื•ื™ืจืฉืชื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ื”". ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“', ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื—ืœืง ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื–ืจ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืข"ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ืกืง"ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืฃ ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœืœื ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—-ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื (ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชื›"ื”). ื•ืื ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืกื’ืช ืžืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉ"ืข ื”ืŸ ืคืฉืข ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืœื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืœื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ - ืœืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.

ื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื›ืจื™, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืœื ืชื—ื ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–, ื‘), ื•ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›, ื). ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืืจืฆืš" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ืœื’), ื•ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืข"ื– ื™, ื•) ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืคื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœืฉื•ื ื’ื•ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื ื•. ื•ืจืง ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื—, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืœื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ืœืขืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื™ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ืฉื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ืชืžื›ืจ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื”, ื›ื’), ื•ืœืžื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ืงืจืงืข ืžืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื•ื™, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืœ (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœ"ืช ืจื›"ื–). ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืชืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืžื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ื•ื›ืจื™ื 1 .

ื’. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”, ื), ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื•"ื— ืฉื›ื˜, ื•), ื‘ื›ืœ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืื•ื™ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœืกื›ืŸ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื—ื•ื ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืงืฉ ื•ืชื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื ื•ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืงืฉ ื•ืชื‘ืŸ, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื ืคืฉื•ืช. ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื. (ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกื•ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื›ืœ ื ืกื™ื’ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ).

ื“. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืœืฉื•ื ืžืœืš ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœืฉื•ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืืช ื ื—ืœืชื• ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช 2 .

ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ืชืจืช ื”ืœื›ื”
ื”. ืืฃ ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืœืš ืฉื”ืชืžื ื” ื›ื—ื•ืง ื•ื™ืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืกื™ืจืชื ืœื–ืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœื•, ื‘ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืฆื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืžื˜, ื), ืฉื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืขืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื•, "ืจืง ื—ื–ืง ื•ืืžืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืš ืžืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื™, ืืœ ืชืกื•ืจ ืžืžื ื• ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืืœ, ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืฉื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชืœืš" (ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื, ื–), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืžืœืš ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ืคืจืง ื’' ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜': "ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืœื•". ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืงื™ืฃ ืžืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื. ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื ื‘ืจื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชื‘ืข ืฉืœื ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืœืฆื• ืžืฆืคื•ื ื•. ืืฉืจื™ื ื• ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

ื•. ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉ"ืข ืžืก' 16), ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ืค"ื ื”"ื“, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชืฆ"ื—, ืฉืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืชืคืกื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืงืฃ. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื–ืชื• ื‘ืืจืฆื•.

ื–. ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืช ืžื•ืจื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืื ื—"ื• ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื’ื“ืœ. ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื ืชืชื™ืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™, ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืชื—ืจื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืจื’ืข ืฉื ื™ืชื ืช ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืคืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื”ืจื’ ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ. (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืข"ื“; ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”, ื’; ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืข' ืจื˜"ื•).

ื—. ื’ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืœืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื”, ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”
ื˜. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื”ื "ืœ, ื ืคืกืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื•ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื ื—"ื• ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืžื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื”ื–ื•. ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืžืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.

ื™. ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื. ื•ืคืกืงื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื“ ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื—ืœื” ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื ื” ืฆื‘ืื™ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ืœืกื›ื ืช ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืจืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื, ื•ื”ืžืคื ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื˜ื–, ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืขื’, ื).

ื™ื. ื•ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกืจื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืคื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื ืžื” ืœืกืจื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื”? ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ: ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืื•ืชื ืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื›ืœืœ ืžื‘ืฆืข. ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ืคื ื” ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืชื, ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” 3 . ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื—"ื• ืœื”ืคืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชื—ื ื", ื•ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืืจืฆืš", ื•ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ืชืžื›ืจ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช", ื•ืขืœ ื’ื–ืœืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘. ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื ื”, ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ: "ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืจืขืš".

ื™ื‘. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืžืจื•ืฉืขืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื“ืชื™ืช-ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืžืข ืœืคืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื™ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืืกืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.

ื™ื’. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื–ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืื• ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ืœืกืจื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืงืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื”. ืœื ื ืขืœืžืช ืžื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ืขืœ ื ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืจื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชืžืจื“, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ืžืคืงื“ื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื•, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืืžื•ื ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”. ืืžื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ, ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžืชืžืจื“ ื™ืคื•ืจืจ ืืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื, ื•ื™ืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื™ืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื›ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ื ื–ืง ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื•ื˜ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืฉืงืœื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืขืจืš ื’ื•ื‘ืจ. ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืจืข. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.

ื”ืขืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช
ื™ื“. ื•ืื ื™ืฉืืœ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ: ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื‘ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื—ื˜ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืคื™ื•. ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ืœื’ื ื•ื‘. ื•ื’ื ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื—ืžืกื• ื•ื™ื’ื–ืœื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื - ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื™ืงืฉ, ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื•ืฆื•ื“ืง. ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื˜ืขื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชืฉืžืจ ื”ื’ื—ืœืช ืขื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื”ืฉืืจืชื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื›ืจืขื• ืœื‘ืขืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคื” ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ืฉืง ืœื•" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื' ื™ื˜, ื™ื—). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืชืจื’ืœื• ืœื›ืจื•ืข ืœื‘ืขืœ, ื ื™ืฆื— ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื—ื ื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืชืฉื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื–').

ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื•, ื‘): "ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื•ื ืืžืŸ ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฆื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืขืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื—ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืจื• ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืฆืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•. ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืคื—ื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื“ืข ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืืžืŸ ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื - ื›ืš ื’ื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื•ื ืฆื—ื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื–ื™ื–ื•ื”ื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื-ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื™ืœื•ื”ื•. ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ืช-ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคืขื•ื ื•ืœืชืกื•ืก. ืื•ืœื ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ื’ื ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืคื• ื•ื ืขืœืžื•. ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืชื’ืœื”, ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื•ืขืžืš ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืจืฉื• ืืจืฅ".

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืกื™ืงืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ "ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘" ื‘ืืชืจ, ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.


^ 1. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช, ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืืจืฆืš" ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชื—ื•ื ื" ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืœืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืงื™ืข ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”. ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืื“ืžืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืขืœื• ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืžื—ื™ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืคืงื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ืจืชื ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืžื•ืจื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง, ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—"ื ืข' ืฆื“-ืฆื”. ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื•ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื—ืง" ืœืคืจื•ืค' ืฉื•ื—ื˜ืžืŸ, ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื 16-29, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืข' 27 ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆ"ืค ืคืจืื ืง ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ.
^ 2. ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืื 'ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื' ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื—, ื), ืจืง ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืžืœืš, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืืจืฆื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื• ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ. ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง), ื—ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ: 'ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ื™ื ื'. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืฆื ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื—ื•ืงื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•.
^ 3. ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืœืœื ืกื™ื•ืขื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”: "ืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืœื ืชืชืŸ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ" (ืข"ื– ื•, ื‘). ื•ืื ื’ื ืœืœื ืกื™ื•ืขื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœ "ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”". ืื•ืœื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฉื™ืคื ื” ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืชื, ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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