ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
  • ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”






ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึทื—ึทืช, ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึตื ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืึทื—ึทืจ ืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึธื”.


ื•ึผื‘ึตืื•ึผืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื‘ึผึดืคึฐืจึธืงึดื™ื ืึตืœึผื•ึผ.


ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ

ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืช ืืžืŸ



ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช


ื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึทื—ึทืจ ืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึทืช ืžึธื–ื•ึนืŸ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—,ื™). ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ืฉื‚ึธื‘ึทืข, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ". ื•ึผืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื, ืฉืึถืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึธื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึทื–ึผึทื™ึดืช - ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื•.

ื  ืžึธื–ื•ึนืŸ - ืœื—ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ (ื›ืก"ืž). ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื - ืžืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื›ึผึทื–ึผึทื™ึดืช - ืžื™ื“ืช ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ (ืจืื” ื ืกืคื— ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงืœื•ืช).

ื‘ ื•ึผืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึตื”ึธื ึถื” ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึดื ื”ึตืจึดื™ื—ึท ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื˜ื•ึนื‘ - ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึตื”ึธื ึถื” ื‘ึผื•ึน. ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื•ึผึตืŸ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืื•ึน ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื - ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึถื”ึฑื ึถื”. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึถื”ึฑื ึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” - ืžึธืขึทืœ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื”; ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึทื–ึผึทื™ึดืช. ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึฐืขึถืžึถืช - ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืœึนื ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ, ืขึทื“ ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช.

ื‘  ืžึธืขึทืœ - ื ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช - ืžื™ื“ืช ื ืคื— ื› 75 ืกืž"ืง (ืจืื” ื ืกืคื— ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงืœื•ืช). ืžึทื˜ึฐืขึถืžึถืช - ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ืื”, ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืืฃ ืื ื‘ืœืข ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ (ื›ืก"ืž).

ื’ ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื”, ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื‘ึทื— ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึธื™ึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืฉืึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดื–ึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“, ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึถื”ึฑื ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื”.

ื’  ื”ื•ึนื“ึธื™ึธื” - ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื•ื“ื”.

ื“ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ืŸ: ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื”, ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนื“ึธืึธื”*, ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื‘ึทื— ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึธื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึทืงึผึธืฉืึธื” ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึดื–ึฐื›ึผึนืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ.

ื“  ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื” - ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื ืื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช - ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนื“ึธืึธื”* - ื›ืš ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื›"ื™ ื'. ื›"ื™ ืง': "ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื™ึผึดืจึฐืึธื”".

ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช


ื” ื•ึฐื ึนืกึทื— ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช - ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื“ึผึดื™ื ื•ึน ืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึฐืฉืึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืขึทืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึดื’ึฐืจึนืขึท ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื”. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืฉืึทื ึผึถื” ืžึดืžึผึทื˜ึฐื‘ึผึตืขึท ืฉืึถื˜ึผึธื‘ึฐืขื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืึถืœึผึธื ื˜ื•ึนืขึถื”. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื–ึฐื›ึผึธืจึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช - ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืกึฐืžื•ึผื›ึธื” ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึถืจึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ.

ื”  ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช - ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืืœื ืจื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืขื–ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช "ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘" ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉืžืžื ื• ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ื“ึผึดื™ื ื•ึน - ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”, ื–). ืžึดืžึผึทื˜ึฐื‘ึผึตืขึท ืฉืึถื˜ึผึธื‘ึฐืขื•ึผ - ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืงื‘ืขื•. ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืึถืœึผึธื ื˜ื•ึนืขึถื” - ืืฃ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื” (ืข"ืค ืฉื•"ืช ืจื ื“, ืจืก, ืงืคื). ื”ึทื–ึฐื›ึผึธืจึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื - ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉื ื”'. ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช - ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืžืœืš" ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืกึฐืžื•ึผื›ึธื” ืœึทื—ึฒื‘ึถืจึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ - ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื” ื•ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžืžื ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืคืจื˜ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืกืžื›ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื”, ื”ืŸ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืืจื•ื›ื”.

ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื ึถืึฑืžึธืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ื›ึผึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืงึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื. ื•ึฐืึดื ืฉืึดื ึผึธื” ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทื˜ึฐื‘ึผึตืขึท - ื”ื•ึนืึดื™ืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืึทื–ึฐื›ึผึธืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื—ึนืœ, ื™ึธืฆึธื.

ื•  ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ - ืฉืคื”.

ืชื ืื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”


ื– ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐืึธื–ึฐื ื•ึน ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ; ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ื”ึดืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึท - ื™ึธืฆึธื, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน.


ื— ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ืœึนื ื™ึทืคึฐืกึดื™ืง ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื; ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึดืคึฐืกึดื™ืง - ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึทื—ึฒื–ึนืจ ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื”. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึดืคึฐืกึดื™ืง ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืžึตืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื”. ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“? ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืจึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึทืช, ื•ึฐืงึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืึธืžึทืจ 'ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืžึถืœึทื—', 'ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืชึผึทื‘ึฐืฉืึดื™ืœ', 'ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดืคึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ', 'ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืœึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื”', ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธืึตืœึผื•ึผ - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”.

ื—  ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื - ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื“ื’ื. ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืžึถืœึทื—, ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ืชึผึทื‘ึฐืฉืึดื™ืœ - ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืข ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืžืœื— ื•ืœืคืชืŸ [ืœืœืคืช ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืคืช, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ] ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–,ื’). ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืœึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” - ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืื›ืœ ืœื‘ื”ืžืชื• (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž,ื; ืจืื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื˜,ื—).

ื˜ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึฐื˜ึธืžึตื ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื˜ึธืžึตื ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื. ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืขึธืจึนื, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชื•ึน. ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื? ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉื. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื™ื•ึนืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื•ึผืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื˜ื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืงึผึทืจึฐืงึทืข, ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึถืช.

ื˜  ืœึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” - ืœื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจ ืžืžื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ึผืคึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ - ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืœืขืจื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”. ื˜ื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช - ืžื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืฉ, ืฉืื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ื.

ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืขื”


ื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืจึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน, ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชึธืŸ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธืŸ, ื—ื•ึผืฅ ืžึดื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื”, ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื ึถื”ึฑื ึธื” ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถืŸ. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึทืช ืžึทืฆึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึตื™ืœึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึถืกึทื— ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึทืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืื•ึนื›ึฐืœึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึดื™ืŸ, ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืื•ึนื›ึตืœ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึถื” ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึถืŸ.

ื™  ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึฒื ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” - ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื•ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึทืช ืžึทืฆึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึตื™ืœึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึถืกึทื— - ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžืฆื”, ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช: 'ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื”' ื•'ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ'. ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึผื•ึผืฉื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื - ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ืช' ื•'ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ'.

ื™ื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืžึดืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืกื•ึนืคึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื•ึผึตืŸ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน - ื™ึธืฆึธื, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืขึธื ึธื” ืึธืžึตืŸ. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ; ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืกื•ึนืคึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ืœึนื ื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ* ืื•ึน ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืžึดืžึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึนืชื•ึน.

ื™ื  ืึธืžึตืŸ - ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• "ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื" (ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘,ื), ื›ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื ืืžื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื'. ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ - ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืงืคื“). ื•ึฐื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืืžืŸ ืœึนื ื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน, ืฉื”ืขื•ื ื” ืืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืžืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื”ื”, ืื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื ืžืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”,ื˜ื• ื˜ื–; ื›ืก"ืž). ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ* - ื‘ื›"ื™ ื' ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžื™ืœืช 'ืืžืŸ'.

ืขื ื™ื™ืช ืืžืŸ


ื™ื’ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืžึตืขึท ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืกื•ึนืคึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึทืขึฒื ื•ึนืช ืึธืžึตืŸ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื’ึผื•ึนื™, ืื•ึน ืžึดื™ืŸ, ืื•ึน ื›ึผื•ึผืชึดื™, ืื•ึน ืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืœึทืžึผึตื“, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืฉืึดื ึผึธื” ืžึทื˜ึฐื‘ึผึตืขึท ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” - ืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืึธืžึตืŸ.

ื™ื’  ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืœึทืขึฒื ื•ึนืช ืึธืžึตืŸ - "ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื” ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ืœืคืืจ ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืœืฉื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“" (ืฉื•"ืช ืจื ื•). ืžึดื™ืŸ - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืžืชื•ืš ืกื›ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืชืื•ื•ืชื• ืœื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืื• ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืกื•ืคื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” (ืจืื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘,ื”; ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’,ื–; ืจื•ืฆื— ื“,ื™; ืžืžืจื™ื ื’,ื ื’; ืคื”"ืž ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื,ื‘). ื›ึผื•ึผืชึดื™ - ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™. ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืชื” ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืœื” ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื›ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื’ืจื™ื–ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ื ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ (ืคื”"ืž ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—,ื—).

ื™ื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ - ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึถื” ืœึนื ืึธืžึตืŸ ื—ึฒื˜ื•ึผืคึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธืžึตืŸ ืงึฐื˜ื•ึผืคึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธืžึตืŸ ืงึฐืฆึธืจึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธืžึตืŸ ืึฒืจึปื›ึผึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึนื ึดื™ืช. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื’ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ื”ึผึท ืงื•ึนืœื•ึน ื™ึธืชึตืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ - ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึทืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึดื™ื.

ื™ื“  ืึธืžึตืŸ ื—ึฒื˜ื•ึผืคึธื” - ืขื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื•. ืึธืžึตืŸ ืงึฐื˜ื•ึผืคึธื” - ืขื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” 'ื—ืชื•ื›ื”', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ื™ืœืง ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ืืžืจ 'ื ืžืŸ' (ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื ื™ื). ืึธืžึตืŸ ืงึฐืฆึธืจึธื” - ืฉืงืจื ืึฒืžืŸ ื‘ืืœืฃ ื—ื˜ื•ืคื”. ืึธืžึตืŸ ืึฒืจึปื›ึผึธื” - ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืืžืŸ' (ืจื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฆื“ืง ื’ืื•ืŸ).

ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื”


ื˜ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื ื•ึนืฉื‚ึตื ืฉืึตื ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืœึทืฉึผืึธื•ึฐื, ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธืข ืœึทืฉึผืึธื•ึฐื, ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึทืขึฒื ื•ึนืช ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืึธืžึตืŸ. ื”ึทืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืงื•ึนืช - ืžึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืชึดืงึฐื ึธืŸ, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึธืœึธื” ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ึธื”, ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึปืชึผึธืจ. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถืŸ; ื•ึฐื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืึธืžึตืŸ - ืœึนื ื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื—ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน.

ื˜ื•  ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึธื” - ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื”, ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœึทืฉึผืึธื•ึฐื - ืœื—ื™ื ื. ื›ึผึฐื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึธืข ืœึทืฉึผืึธื•ึฐื - ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข, ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื‘,ื˜ ื™ื).

ื˜ื– ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐื’ึปื ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐื”ึธืขื•ึนื ึถื” ืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืกื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึปื‘ึผึธื—; ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนืŸ ืึทื—ึทืจ 'ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื' ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทืžึผึธื–ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดืงึฐืจึดื™ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืขึทืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืช. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืกื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช - ืขื•ึนื ึถื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืึธืžึตืŸ ืึทื—ึทืจ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน.

ื˜ื–  ืกื•ึนืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนื ื•ึนืช - ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•. ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึปื‘ึผึธื— - ื”ื˜ืขื: "ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื•" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื—). ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื - ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘,ื).

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
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ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื™: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™
ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืœืœ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืงืืจื”, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืขื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ืŸ
(c) ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il