ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ืคืจืงื™ ื”ืชื "ืš
  • ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื ื—ื•ื ืžื ื—ื ืืœืชืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืฉืจ

ืคืจืง ื™ื
ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื’ืœืขื“ื™
(ื) ื•ึฐื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื–ื•ึนื ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึถื“ ื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืึถืช ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื—: (ื‘) ื•ึทืชึผึตืœึถื“ ืึตืฉืึถืช ื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึฐื“ึผึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื’ึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ืœึนื ืชึดื ึฐื—ึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช ืึธืชึผึธื”: (ื’) ื•ึทื™ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึทื— ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึถื—ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืœึทืงึผึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืจึตื™ืงึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน:
ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืคืชื— ืœืฉืจ
(ื“) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืขึดื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ: (ื”) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืœึฐื—ึฒืžื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืขึดื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘: (ื•) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืœึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธื” ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืงึธืฆึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื ึดืœึผึธื—ึฒืžึธื” ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ื–) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืœึฐื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื”ึฒืœึนื ืึทืชึผึถื ืฉื‚ึฐื ึตืืชึถื ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ื•ึทืชึผึฐื’ึธืจึฐืฉืื•ึผื ึดื™ ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึผืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ื‘ึผึธืืชึถื ืึตืœึทื™ ืขึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึทืจ ืœึธื›ึถื: (ื—) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืึถืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืฉืึทื‘ึฐื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดืœึฐื—ึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืจึนืืฉื ืœึฐื›ึนืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“: (ื˜) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืึถืœ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืึดื ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”' ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐืจึนืืฉื: (ื™) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืึถืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื”' ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึดื ืœึนื ื›ึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”: (ื™ื) ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืขึดื ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืžื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึธื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืจึนืืฉื ื•ึผืœึฐืงึธืฆึดื™ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื• ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธื”:
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืคืชื— ืœืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ
(ื™ื‘) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืžึทื” ืœึผึดื™ ื•ึธืœึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืืชึธ ืึตืœึทื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึดื™: (ื™ื’) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืœ ืžึทืœึฐืึฒื›ึตื™ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึธืงึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึตืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึผึนืง ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ึธื” ืึถืชึฐื”ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื: (ื™ื“) ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืกึถืฃ ืขื•ึนื“ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ื˜ื•) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืœึนื ืœึธืงึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ื˜ื–) ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืชึธื ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืขึทื“ ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ืงึธื“ึตืฉืึธื”: (ื™ื–) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืึถืขึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึธื” ื ึผึธื ื‘ึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ืฉืึธืœึทื— ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึธื‘ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืงึธื“ึตืฉื: (ื™ื—) ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึทื™ึผึธืกึธื‘ ืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ืžึดืžึผึดื–ึฐืจึทื— ืฉืึถืžึถืฉื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒื ื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื‘ึถืจ ืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘: (ื™ื˜) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืกึดื™ื—ื•ึนืŸ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื—ึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื ึทืขึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึธื” ื ึผึธื ื‘ึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ืขึทื“ ืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึดื™: (ื›) ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึถืึฑืžึดื™ืŸ ืกึดื™ื—ื•ึนืŸ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึปืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึถืึฑืกึนืฃ ืกึดื™ื—ื•ึนืŸ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื”ึฐืฆึธื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ืขึดื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ: (ื›ื) ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ืกึดื™ื—ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื™ึทื“ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผื•ึผื ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึทืฉื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื: (ื›ื‘) ื•ึทื™ึผึดื™ืจึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืœ ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ืžึตืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึทื‘ึผึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื“ึผึตืŸ: (ื›ื’) ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืžึนืจึดื™ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดื™ืจึธืฉืึถื ึผื•ึผ: (ื›ื“) ื”ึฒืœึนื ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉืึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึนืฉื ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืชึดื™ืจึธืฉื ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉื ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื ึดื™ืจึธืฉื: (ื›ื”) ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึฒื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึดื‘ึผึธืœึธืง ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฆึดืคึผื•ึนืจ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื”ึฒืจื•ึนื‘ ืจึธื‘ ืขึดื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึดื ื ึดืœึฐื—ึนื ื ึดืœึฐื—ึทื ื‘ึผึธื: (ื›ื•) ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทืจึฐืขื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึถืขึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ืึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื•ึผืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืœึนื ื”ึดืฆึผึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื: (ื›ื–) ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืœึนื ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืึดืชึผึดื™ ืจึธืขึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึนื˜ ื”' ื”ึทืฉึผืึนืคึตื˜ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ื›ื—) ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืข ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึธืœึทื— ืึตืœึธื™ื•:
ืจื•ื— ื”' ืขืœ ื™ืคืชื—, ื•ื ื“ืจื•
(ื›ื˜) ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐืคึผึตื” ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึตื” ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืขึธื‘ึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ืœ) ื•ึทื™ึผึดื“ึผึทืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื ึถื“ึถืจ ืœึทื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืึดื ื ึธืชื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึดื™: (ืœื) ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืฆึตื ืžึดื“ึผึทืœึฐืชึตื™ ื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดืงึฐืจึธืืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึทื”' ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึดื™ืชึดื”ื•ึผ ืขื•ึนืœึธื”:
ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ
(ืœื‘) ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึถื ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึฐื ึตื ื”' ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน: (ืœื’) ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผึตื ืžึตืขึฒืจื•ึนืขึตืจ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึนืึฒืšึธ ืžึดื ึผึดื™ืช ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืึธื‘ึตืœ ื›ึผึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ืžึทื›ึผึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึทื™ึผึดื›ึผึธื ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ:
ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจ
(ืœื“) ื•ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึนื ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐืคึผึธื” ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื‘ึดืชึผื•ึน ื™ึนืฆึตืืช ืœึดืงึฐืจึธืืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชึปืคึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืžึฐื—ึนืœื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืจึทืง ื”ึดื™ื ื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ึธื” ืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตืŸ ืื•ึน ื‘ึทืช: (ืœื”) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึดืจึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดืงึฐืจึทืข ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฒื”ึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดืชึผึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึฐืจึตืขึท ื”ึดื›ึฐืจึทืขึฐืชึผึดื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึฐ ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึนื›ึฐืจึธื™ ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืคึผึธืฆึดื™ืชึดื™ ืคึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”' ื•ึฐืœึนื ืื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘: (ืœื•) ื•ึทืชึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืคึผึธืฆึดื™ืชึธื” ืึถืช ืคึผึดื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”' ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธืฆึธื ืžึดืคึผึดื™ืšึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ื”' ื ึฐืงึธืžื•ึนืช ืžึตืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ: (ืœื–) ื•ึทืชึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึถืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื”ึธ ื™ึตืขึธืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืจึฐืคึผึตื” ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึตืœึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึฐื›ึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึทื™ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื•ืจืขื™ืชื™ ื•ึฐืจึตืขื•ึนืชึธื™: (ืœื—) ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืœึตื›ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึทืชึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึตืขื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทืชึผึตื‘ึฐืšึผึฐ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึผืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื: (ืœื˜) ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึดืงึผึตืฅ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึทืชึผึธืฉืึธื‘ ืึถืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืœึธื”ึผ ืึถืช ื ึดื“ึฐืจื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธื“ึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขึธื” ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึทืชึผึฐื”ึดื™ ื—ึนืง ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ: (ืž) ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื” ืชึผึตืœึทื›ึฐื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐืชึทื ึผื•ึนืช ืœึฐื‘ึทืช ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื”ึทื’ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื“ึดื™ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”:

ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•,
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืขื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืขื ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ื™ื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืงืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื.
ื”ืขื ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœ, ื—ื–ืง ื•ืืžื™ืฅ ืœื‘. ื™ื™ื—ื•ืกื• ืฉืœ ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืงืคืง - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืืฉื” ืžื•ืคืงืจืช, ื•ื”ืจื“"ืง 1 ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืื™ืžื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืคืงืจืช ืืœื ืคื™ืœื’ืฉ, ืื• ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืœื’ืœืขื“, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ - ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื™ืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืื—ื™ื• ืžื ื—ืœืช ืื‘ื™ื•.
ื—ื–"ืœ 2 ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•", ืœืืžื•ืจ: ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช - ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ 3 , ื•ืขื“ ื™ืคืชื—, ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืื“ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื•ื ื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœ ืฉื‘ืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ื ืชืžื ื” ืคืจื ืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื›ืื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืงืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืคืชื— ืœืžืจื•ืช ื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉ"ื™ืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•", ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื ื•, ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื’ื ืขื ื™ืคืชื—, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื - "ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืจื’ื•ืชื ืžืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ืžื•ืงืžื™ ืœื™ื”" 4 , ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื - ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื!
ื“ืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืชืžื ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืื•ืžื”. ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืขื“ื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื ื•.
ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžืคื•ืงืคืง, ื•ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘'ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘' ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื 'ืจื™ืงื™ื', ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื”"ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”". ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขืžืžื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืจืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื—ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืคืชื—, ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืชื”.

ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืคืชื— ืœืื‘ื™ืžืœืš
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉื ื ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืคืชื— ืœืื‘ื™ืžืœืš - ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืคื™ืœื’ืฉ ื•ื™ืคืชื— ื ื•ืœื“ ืž'ืืฉื” ืื—ืจืช', ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืžืœืงื˜ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ืคื•ื—ื–ื™ื 5 ื•ื’ื ืืœ ื™ืคืชื— ืžืชืœืงื˜ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื™ืงื™ื 6 , ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืžืœื•ืš 7 ื•ื™ืคืชื— ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืืฉ 8 . ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš ื ืชืคืกืช ื›ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืคืชื— ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื™ื•ืงืจื”. ืžื“ื•ืข?
ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืคืชื— ืœื–ืงื ื™ ื’ืœืขื“: "ืึดื ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึถื ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึผึธื—ึตื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ื”' ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™, ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐืจึนืืฉื" 9 . ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื - ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืง ื•ืขื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืคืชื— ืœื–ืงื ื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ื”', ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ืคืชื— ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื’ืจื ื’ื ืœื–ืงื ื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื–ึดืงึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึดืœึฐืขึธื“ ืึถืœ ื™ึดืคึฐืชึผึธื— ื”' ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึนืžึตืขึท ื‘ึผึตื™ื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึดื ืœึนื ื›ึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”" 10 .
ื”ืขื ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืื™ืฉ ืฆื‘ื ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืชื ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ืคืชื— ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืœื ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืฅ ื•ืžื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืืชื›ื, ืืœื ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš - "ื”' ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื”' ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน" 11 . ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืืœื ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ืขื ื ืขื ื” ื•ืžืžื ื” ืืช ื™ืคืชื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ - ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืฆื‘ื.

ืฉืžื•ื”ื• ืœืจืืฉ ืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื•
ืžืจืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื 12 ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืชื• ืœืจืืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื”' ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื•ื”ื• ืœืจืืฉ ืžื™ื“ ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื•, ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
"ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืจืืฉ ื•ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ - ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืฉืžื•ื”ื• ืœืจืืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืœืš ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืืžืจื• ืืœื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื’ื ื™ืคืชื— ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื ืชืจืฆื”.
ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ืื—ื“ - ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื• ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื›ื™ ืฉืœืžื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.
ื•ืขื•ื“, ื“ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื“ื”ืžืœืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืคื™ืœืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช.
ื•ื’ื, ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื—ืกื“ ื•ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืฉืจ ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื•, ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื™ื˜ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื—ืกื“.
ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื™ื‘ื•, ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื• ื›ื— ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื•".

ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ
ื™ืคืชื— ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ. ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื” ืฉืžื ื—ืœ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืขื“ ื ื—ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื ืœืงื— ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ืื ืจืฆื•ื ืš ื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉื‘ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”.
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื ื’ื“ื™ืช ื’ื•ืœืœ ื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฉื˜ื—ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉืคื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื”, ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืก, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืืช ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื•ืชื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ.
ื™ืคืชื— ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ: ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืืš ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื ื–ืืช, ื•ืื ื• ืžืฆื“ื ื• ืœื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื“ื›ื, ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืจืข ืœื ื•?

ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ื˜ื”ืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ
ืืžื ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืื‘: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึธืฆึทืจ ืึถืช ืžื•ึนืึธื‘ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึธืจ ื‘ึผึธื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”" 13 , ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐืงึธืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ืžื•ึผืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึทืœ ืชึผึฐืฆึปืจึตื ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืชึฐื’ึผึธืจ ื‘ึผึธื" 14 , ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื•ื˜ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื”ืœืš ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืจื“ ืขืžื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืจืขื‘, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืฉืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ื•ืชื• 15 ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืคืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืชื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื™ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ื•ื™ื”ืจื’ื•ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืชื”. ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืœื ื’ื™ืœื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื›ื” ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืฆืืฆืื™ื•, ืžื•ืื‘ ื•ืขืžื•ืŸ, ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืขื“ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื•ืื– ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ 16 :
"ืขื“ ืžื“ืจืš ื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ - ...ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื™ื•ื ื“ืจื™ืกืช ื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื,
ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืจื’ืœื™ื•' ื•ื’ื•' (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“, ื“).
...ืœื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื˜, ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ืœืš ืืชื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•, ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ืขืฉืื• ื›ื‘ื ื• [ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ]".
ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื, ืœื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ืขืงืคื• ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ื•ื‘ืฉืŸ ืžืžื ื• ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื•, ื•ื›ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ 17 : "ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ื˜ื”ืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ".
ื–ื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ, ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉ"ื˜ื”ืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ", ื•ื ื™ืชื ื• ื ื—ืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื 18 . ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื•ืื‘ ื•ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” 'ืžืืจื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื™ื‘ืง', ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ. ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ืฉื ื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ.

ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืœืš ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžื•ืŸ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื™ืคืชื— ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืืจืฆื ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ, ื•ื™ืคืชื— ื ืืœืฅ ืœืฆืืช ื ื’ื“ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืฉืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ืžื” 19 . ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ 20 :
"ืžื“ื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืฆื ืืจืฅ ืฉืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืขืžื“ ื•ื™ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืจืฅ ืจืื” ื•ื™ืชืจ ื’ื•ื™ื'".




^ 1.ืจื“"ืง ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื.
^ 2.ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื” ืข"ื‘.
^ 3.ืจืื” ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื˜, ื•.
^ 4.ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืฆื ืข"ื‘.
^ 5.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื˜, ื“.
^ 6.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื’.
^ 7.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื˜, ื‘.
^ 8.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื˜.
^ 9.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื˜.
^ 10.ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื™.
^ 11.ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื’.
^ 12.ื—ื•ืžืช ืื ืš ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื.
^ 13.ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘, ื˜.
^ 14.ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘, ื™ื˜.
^ 15.ืจืื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื™-ื›.
^ 16.ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘, ื”.
^ 17.ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื— ืข"ื.
^ 18.ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื, ื›ื“.
^ 19.ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื.
^ 20.ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื’, ื‘.



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