ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
  • ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 43 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื’ื“ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืงืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช
ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื”, ื”-ื–):
ืึตืช ืกึฐืคึดื™ื—ึท ืงึฐืฆึดื™ืจึฐืšึธ ืœึนื ืชึดืงึฐืฆื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐืึถืชึพืขึดื ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ื ึฐื–ึดื™ืจึถืšึธ ืœึนื ืชึดื‘ึฐืฆึนืจ ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐืึธื›ึฐืœึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึทืึฒืžึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื›ึดื™ืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐืชื•ึนืฉืึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืจึดื™ื ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ: ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื”ึถืžึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึทื—ึทื™ึผึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึธืœึพืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ.
ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ "ืืช ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ ื•ืืช ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš ืœื ืชื‘ืฆืจ" ืœืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฆื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืชื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช "ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื›ื ืœืื›ืœื”". ืื ื›ืš, ืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•? ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื ื”):
"ืืช ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš" - ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื–ืจืขืชื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื—ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืจืข ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืฆื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื™ ืกืคื™ื—. "ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ" - ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ืงืฆื™ืจ, ืืœื ื”ืคืงืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ. "ื ื–ื™ืจืš" - ืฉื”ื ื–ืจืช ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื”ื ื•ืœื ื”ืคืงืจืชื. "ืœื ืชื‘ืฆืจ" - ืื•ืชื ืื™ื ืš ื‘ื•ืฆืจ, ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ.
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื”ื, ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš, ืืœื ืชืคืงื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•ื’ื ืœืขืฆืžืš.
ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš ื”ื™ื "ืฉื”ื ื–ืจืช ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื”ื ื•ืœื ื”ืคืงืจืชื". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืขืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืคืงืจืช ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ - "ืื•ืชื ืื™ื ืš ื‘ื•ืฆืจ" ืืœ ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืœื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืฉืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคืงื™ืจ.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื ื”) ืžื‘ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืื•ืชื”:
ื•ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืจื‘ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื”ื• ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืืกืจื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช.
ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ื ืจืื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ
ืืžื ื, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ:
ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ื—ืจื™ืฉื” ื•ื–ืจื™ืขื” ืœื“ืขืช ื™ืงืจื ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืกืคื— ืืœ ืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืžื’ื–ืจืช "ื•ื ืกืคื—ื• ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื“, ื). ื•ื”ื’ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ืœื ื—ืคืจ ื•ืœื ื–ืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื™ืงืจื "ื ื–ื™ืจ" ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื™ืจื• ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืžืžื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื• ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื— ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืœื ื™ืงืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืจื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ. ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืœืื•ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžืš, ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืขืฆืžืš, ืื‘ืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื”, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” "ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ" ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ื— ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื—ื“ ืœืื›ืœื”, ืœืš ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืš ื•ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžื”.
ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš" ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ "ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื–ืจืขืชื”", ืื•ืชื” "ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ". ืื•ืœื, ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš" ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืฉื”ื ื–ืจืช ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื”ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืจืช ืื•ืชื ืžืคื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ื ืชืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืจื. ืื•ืชื "ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ" ืืœื ืชืคืงื™ืจ. ืื‘ืœ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช "ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš" ื”ื™ื ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช "ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš" - ื›ืฉื ืฉืกืคื™ื— ื”ื™ื ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืืœื™ื”, ื›ืš "ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจืš" ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ื”ืชื ื–ืจืช ืžื”ื ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ืžืืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื–ื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืจื, ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืžื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืžืชื ื–ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืจื: ื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื•. ื›ืจื ืฉื›ื–ื”, ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืจื, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื: ืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืฉืœืš ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืฉืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘"ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื ืขื‘ื“" ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืฉืžืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืจื, ืืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื ื”ื’ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื”ืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืจืžื• ื•ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ื• ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœื ืฉืžืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืœืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืœ "ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื ืขื‘ื“", ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™.

ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื— ื•ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ. ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื (ื‘ื”ืจ ืคืจืฉื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืค"ื ืื•ืช ื’) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•:
"ืืช ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ", ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืกืžื›ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืžืขืฆืžื. ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื’ื–ืจื” ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืœื” ืฉื–ืจืขื• ืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืžืขืฆืžื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืขืจืžื” ื›ื–ื•, ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื. ืืžื ื, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื•ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืขื” ืฉืกืคื™ื—ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืกืคืจื "ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืกืžื›ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื—ื™ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืกืคืจื:
"ื•ืืช ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ืš ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ", ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ. "ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ", ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืžื™ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืชืื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื•ืงืฆื”, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ืฆื” ืืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ืช (-ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื) ืื‘ืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื‘ื” (-ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช) ื•ื›ื•'.
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื "ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ" ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื ืืกืจื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืจืง ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืคืงืจ, ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืžื•ืจ ื ืืกืจ. ืื•ืœื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ - ืžืŸ "ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ" ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ ืžืŸ "ื”ื”ืคืงืจ" ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ" ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื ืืกืจ ื‘"ืฉืžื•ืจ". ืืš ื‘ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘"ืฉืžื•ืจ". ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกืคืจื ื›ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•, ืฉืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืจืช ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: ืื ืฉืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื›ืš, ืืœื ืชืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ื ืืกืจ, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื "ืฉืžื•ืจ" ื ืืกืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจื, ื•ื›ืœ ืฆื“ ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•.

ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืขื ื”ืืจืฅ
ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืš ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื›ื” (ืœื˜, ื). ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื:
ื“ืชื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืื ืžืกืจ, ื™ืืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ ืžืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื”ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื™", ื•ื‘ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœืŸ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื”ืŸ. ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ื, ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ืื ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืงื ื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืกื—ื•ืจื”, ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืžืชืงื“ืฉืช ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืชืคืกืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื›ืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืชื•ืคืกืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืงื ื” ื‘ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืขืฆืžื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ื›ืขืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื”ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ืืกืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืื•ืœื, ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืชืžื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืœืงื ื™ื™ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืœื ืœืžืกื—ืจ.
ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืฉืื ืงื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืขื ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืชืชื—ืœืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื•ืžืขืชื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”:
ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ - ืืกื•ืจ.
ืื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ืฉืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ.
ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืขื ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืคืงื™ืจื. ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืš ืื ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ.
ืžืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื "ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ" ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ื™ืขืฉื” ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื ืืกืจ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื— ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืืกื•ืจื™ื", ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ืืœื, ืžืฉืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉืžื ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืกื—ื•ืจื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื ืืกืจ. ื›ืš ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื ื‘ ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื—) ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” "ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื“ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ืฉื•ื“ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื ืืกืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืื™ืกืจ. ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”.
ืื•ืœื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื ื‘ ื“"ื” ื‘ื“"ื) ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืฉืจ"ืช ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืืกื•ืจื™ื "ื›ื“ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ืขื ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ืš ืœื ืชื‘ืฆื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ื‘ื•ืฆืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ". ืจ"ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื ื–ื™ืจืš" ื”ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื–ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืขื ื‘ื™ื ืืœื• ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขื ืจ"ืช, ืื ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ืื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”.

ื’ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช, ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ืงื›ื‘ ื). ื ืืžืจ ืฉื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื:
ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืืžืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื” ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืŸ, ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื”ืŸ - ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื, ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืœื ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ืžืงื—ื•.
ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืืžืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืืœื ืœืฉื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืœืงื˜ื• ืžืขืฆื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื "ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื” ื”ืŸ" ืื• "ืฉืœ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื”ืŸ" ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ื. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื•ื‘ื ืžืงืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ "ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืŸ". ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ "ืขื–ื™ืงื”", ื•ื‘ืžื” ืžืฉื‘ื— ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”? ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• (ืฉื ื“"ื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ืงื”, ื•ืขื™' ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื) ืžืคืจืฉ "ืžืคืจื“ืก ืžืขื•ื–ืง ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœืฉื•ืžืจื• ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช", ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืคืจื“ืก ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืื–ื•ืง. ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืชืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื”, ื™ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“) ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช" ืฉื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” "ืขื–ืงืŸ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ืจ. ืžืงืฉื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื”:
ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืœื™, ื“ืžืื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ืื ืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจ ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืื ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืื• ืœื. ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ืื ืœื ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื ื“"ื” ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื) ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ: "ืขื–ื™ืงื”" ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ืžืฉื‘ื— ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืขื™ืจ ื–ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืžื ืœื ืขื™ืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ื ื˜ื‘ืœ. ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื) ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื“ืก ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืžืฉืชื‘ื— ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื. ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืืกื•ืจื™ื. ืืœื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื™ ืื ืœืฉื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืžืงื—. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืขื–ื™ืงื”" ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•.
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ 1 .

ื“ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจ
ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื™ื˜, ื‘ ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืืฃ ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื™ืœื ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช. ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืค"ื— ื”"ื•) ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืค"ื— ืž"ื•) ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช, ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœื“ืจืฉื”, ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ" ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื. ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืคืงื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ืจื”, ืืœื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื’ืœ ื™ื“ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืงื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ืžืชืคืจืฉืช ื”ื“ืจืฉื” ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืžื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืจืง ืื ืฉืžืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื ืขื‘ื“
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืค"ื“ ื”"ื):
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื” (-ืฉื—ืจืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื) ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืฆืžื—ื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืืช ืกืคื™ื— ืงืฆื™ืจืš ืœื ืชืงืฆื•ืจ" ืฉืœื ื™ืงืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืงื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื ืงืฆืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ืฆืจื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืงืฆืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืจื™ ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ, ืื• ืฉืงืฆืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจื ื•, ืืœื ืงื•ืฆืจ ืžืขื˜ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ืœื ื ืืกืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฆืžื—ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืืžื ื, ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืงืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืจื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืื ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆืจ ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื ืžืฉื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืค"ื“ ืž"ื‘):
ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ.
ืคื•ืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฉื“ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืคื•ืกืง ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง (ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื ื”ื˜"ื•):
ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื™ืฆื ืœืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช, ืื ื–ืจืขื• ืœื–ืจืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืจืงื• ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื.
ืื“ื ื–ืจืข ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืจืง ืื• ืœื–ืจืข, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช "ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื’ื–ืจืช ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื–ืจืข ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก (ืฉื) ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืข, ืื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื–ืจืข ื•ืœื ืขืงืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืœื ื ืืกืจื•.
ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืจืง ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืžืจ. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื ื”ื›"ื“):
ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชืฉืžื˜ื ื” ื•ื ื˜ืฉืชื”", ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจืžื• ืื• ืฉื“ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืืกืฃ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืืœื ื™ืคืงื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ืื›ืœื• ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืžืš".
ืื ืืกืฃ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื "ื™ืคืงื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ". ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช.
ืจืื™ื ื•, ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืฉื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื“ื” ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืžื•ืชืจื™ื.

ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืค"ื“ ื”"ื) ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื, ืืš ืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื”. ืืฃ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืคืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ (ืคื›"ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื ืงื˜ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื™ื.
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืกืชื™ืจื”, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืกื™' ื˜ ืก"ืง ื™ื– ื“"ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืงื—) ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืš:
ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื“ืžื—ืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœืžื™ื–ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืื ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ, ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื, ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืœืงื˜ื• ืงื“ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื“ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื.
ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื—ื ื˜ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื˜ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืค"ื ื”"ื” ื•ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก ืฉื). ืœื›ืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœืงื˜ื• ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช "ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืžืจ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื ืจืื”, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื– ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ืœืงื™ื˜ื”.
ืืžื ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืกื™' ื™ ืก"ืง ื• ื“"ื” ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ:
ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉืžื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉืžืจื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืืกืจื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ื’, ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ, ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืงื—ื ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ื“ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœืขื ื”ืืจืฅ (-ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื˜ ื), ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืกื—ื•ืจื”.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื•ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื ืืกืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืคื•ืกืง ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื ื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ื–ื• (ืขื™' ื—ื•ื˜ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืค"ื“ ื”ื˜"ื•, ื•ื“ืจืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืค"ื“ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืก"ืง ืฉื™ื—). ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืžืžื™ ืฉืžื›ืจ ืืช ืงืจืงืขื• ืœื ื›ืจื™:
ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ืคืจื“ืกื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ื›ืจื™, ืืฃ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืœื ืชื—ื ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืคืงืขื” ืžื”ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืกืžื›ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.
ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื—ืœื” ื›ืœืœ. ืืžื ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœื”, ืื• ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื™ ื‘ ื“"ื” ื“ืืžืจ, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจ' ืคืจืฅ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืื ืฅ), ืืš ืื ื ืœืš ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ "ื•ืื•ืชื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื—ืœื”.
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžืฆื™ืข ื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืงื•ืœื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฆืžื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชื—ื ื", ื—ืœื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”. ืžืžื™ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื–ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืืกืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืืžื ื, ืื ืœื ื ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ, ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื ื›ืจื™, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฆื“ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื•.
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข ืฉืžื•ืจื” ืื• ื ืขื‘ื“ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ื•ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื.

ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ (ืขื™' ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืคื˜"ื•), ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืืœื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ืœื• ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืœืš ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืืœื ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืœื›ืฉื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ื”, ืืš ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืžื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช (ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืคื– ืก"ื’ ื•ื‘"ื— ืฉื ืื•ืช ื‘), ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื• ืœื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืœื‘. ืื ื›ืŸ, ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื‘ื—ืœื‘, ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื ืฉืื›ืœ ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืงืฆืช ืขื‘ื™ืจื”.
ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืฉืจ. ื“ื’ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื‘ืฉืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื”ืžื”: ืœื“ื’ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืข ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื’ ื™ืฉื ื ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืขื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ื“ื’ ื•ืงืฆืช ื‘ื”ืžื”. ื–ื”ื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืืกืจื” ืขื•ืฃ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื, ืืš ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืžืจื•, ื ืืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื•ื’ื ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืงืฆืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ื›ืš: ื›ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืงืฆืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื”ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืกืจ ืื‘ื™ืš (ืค"ื ืื•ืช ื”) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ื”ืœื‘ืฉื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.

ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•
ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืืžื ื, ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื, ืืš ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ - ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืชืœื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืคืจื“ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื ื›ืจื™, ืืœื ืจืง ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืจื ืกื”, ืจืง ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื.
ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืฉืžืจืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื. ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืžื›ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื”, ื•ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืฉืžืจืช ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”.

ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช
ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืขื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื ืฉืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืขื•ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื˜ืจื—ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืืžื ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขืœื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื ื›ื ืก ืœื“ืื’ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืขืžื•ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืžืœืื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ. ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืง ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืœืš ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืงืœืคื™ื, ืืœื ืœื”ืชืžืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืฆื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ), ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื–ื• ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉืคืข ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื’ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืœื ื•.



^ 1.ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืžืจ ื›ืจืฉ"ื™. ืืš ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ืงื›ื‘, ื), ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืฆืžื—ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืœื”ืœืŸ, ืฉืžืงืœ ื’ื ื‘ื ืขื‘ื“.
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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”
ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il