ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
  • ื—ืœื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ื”ื“ืกื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื” ืžืœื›ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ืœื”
ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ืœื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, ื™ื–-ื›ื) "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึผึตืืžึนืจ. ื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึนืึฒื›ึถื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื”. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทืึฒื›ึธืœึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืœึผึถื—ึถื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึธืจึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืชึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื” ืœึทื”'. ืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ืขึฒืจึดืกึนืชึตื›ึถื ื—ึทืœึผึธื” ืชึผึธืจึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืชึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื” ื›ึผึดืชึฐืจื•ึผืžึทืช ื’ึผึนืจึถืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผึธืจึดื™ืžื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ. ืžึตืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ืขึฒืจึดืกึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืชึผึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืœื”' ืชึผึฐืจื•ึผืžึธื” ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื".

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ ืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื–"ืœ: "ืžืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืื” ื–ื• ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื, ื›ื™ ืชื‘ืื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื•, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืจื˜ ืœืš ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืืฃ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื›ืŸ - ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืื›ื, ืžืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ื” ื•ืื›ืœื• ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ืœื”", ืขื›"ืœ. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื—ืœื•ืงืชื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืœื” ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืง, ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื•.

ืžื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœื”?
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื"ื— (ืฉ"ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืื•ืช ื‘'): "ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื™ืกื” ืฉืชืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื“ืจื”"ื".

 ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื‘ืฆืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 1666 ื’ืจื ื•ืขื“ 2486 ื’ืจื - ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื—ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืž- 2486 ื’ืจื ื•ืžืขืœื” - ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช 'ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ' ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 1200 ื’ืจื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื—ืœื” ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืืœื ื›ื "ืœ.

 ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ื. ืขื™ืกื” ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืืคื™ื” - ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืื—ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื™ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ืกื•ืคื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”.
ื•ืื ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœืืคื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืžืžื ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜, ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”.

(ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืกื•ืคื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืง"ื’ - ืžื‘ืจืš ืœืื—ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”". ื•ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช" ื•ืื—"ื› "ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”". ื•ืื ืื›ืœ ื‘ืกืงื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 240 ื’ืจื ื™ื‘ืจืš "ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ" ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื“"ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื›ืœ ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื›ื™ืœืชื ืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืคืง ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืื›ืœ ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš "ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื" ืขืœ ืœื—ื).

ื‘. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืžื— ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื›ื– ืกืขื™' ื‘', ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื”"ื— ืกื™' ืจืžื‘ ืก"ืง ื›ื‘).

 ื’. ืขื™ืกื” ืฉื ื™ืœื•ืฉื” ืœืœื ืžื™ื - ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฉื›"ื˜ ืกืขื™' ื˜'): "ืขื™ืกื” ืฉื ื™ืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืžื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื—ืœื”".

ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—"ื› ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืฉื ืกืขื™' ื™'): "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืœืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืจื‘ ืขืžื”ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืงื™ื" (ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”).

ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขื™ืกื” ืฉื ื™ืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืœื ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ืกืคืงื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš ื™ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ืื• ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ื“ื‘ืฉ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช (ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืŸ - ื™"ื“ ืฉื—"ื˜ ื“"ื), ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื” ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื”.

ื•ืื ืœืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื ืฉื˜ืคื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ื—ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”.

 ื“. ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื˜ืคื• ื‘ืžื™ื - ื›ื™ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืžื— ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” (ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ืคื—ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื˜ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื—ื•"ืœ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฉืžืจ, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื. ืจืง ืœืคืกื— ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืœื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืคื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื—ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช), ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ, ืื ืขืฉื” ืžืžื ื• ืขื™ืกื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืคื™' ืื ืœืฉ ืื•ืชื” ืขื ืžึตื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
ื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืœืฉื ื™ื—ื•ื“' ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืžืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ืœื” ืื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ืื• ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืชืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืชืืžืจ ื ื•ืกื— 'ืœืฉื ื™ื—ื•ื“' ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ 'ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•' (ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื 341, 908).
ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืชืคืจื™ืฉ ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืชืืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื—ืœื”".

 ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื” ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช
ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืœื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื”, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื” ืœืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ืช "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•", ื›ื™ ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.

ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืงื ื• ืœื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ืช ื—ืœื”.

ื›ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืคืžื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืกืฃ ื•ื›ื“ื•' ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจืš "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•", ื•ืื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืžื•ื˜ื™ื.

ื•ื”"ื” ืื“ื ืฉืงื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื™ืงื ื” ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.

ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื“ื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื•ื’ื ื”ืืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจืš "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•", ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื ื” ืœื” ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชื‘ืจืš "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•" ื•ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื”.

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคืชื”
ื. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื ืฉืจืฃ. ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช.

ื‘. ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื—ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžืž"ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื•ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืŸ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘ื"ื— (ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉ"ืฉ ื’') ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ.

 ื’. ืืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœืืฉืคื”.

 ื“. ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื’ื’, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื ื• ื ื•ื—ื” ืžื–ื”. ื•ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขืœ 'ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฆื“ืง' ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชื ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื ืชืฉืจืฃ ื•ืชื™ื”ืคืš ืœืืคืจ. ื•ืขื›"ื– ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืœื ื ืืกืจ ื›ื™ ืื ืŸ ืกื”ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืจ.

 ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืœื—ืœื”
ื. ื›ืฉืื•ืคื™ื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื•ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืœื•ื— ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืง. ืื ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื—ืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืืคื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืœื”, ื™ืฉ "ืœืฆืจืคืŸ ืœื—ืœื”" ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืืคื” ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ืœื”.

 ื‘. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฆืจืคื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืืคื”? ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื—ืจ ืืคื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืืจื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•'. ืฉื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆืจืคื ื™ื—ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืœื” (ื‘ื"ื— ืฆื• ื™ื˜). ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœื™ ืื—ื“, ืืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื™.

 ื’. ืื ืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคื” ืื• ืžื’ื‘ืช ื•ืžื›ืกื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื”, ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืคื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื™ ื•ืžืฆืจืคืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืืคื”, ืจืง ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืชืฆื ืขื•ื’ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™.

 ื“. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื“ื•', ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื—, ื•ืื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืกื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืœื”, ื•ืžืฆืจืคื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื—ืœื” ื›ื "ืœ (ื‘ื"ื— ืฆื• ื™ื˜, ื›).

 ื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืคื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืืคื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ื—ืœื”. ืื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ืื—ืช (ื•ืžื ื™ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืคื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•') ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื—ืœื”, ื”ื ื—ืชืŸ ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ืžืฆืจืคืช ืื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœื”, ื•ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ื—ืœื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืคืจื™ืฉื• ืžื”ื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืื•ืชื” ืขื™ืกื” ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื• ื—ืœื”, ื•ืข"ื› ื”ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ืกื” ื›ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืคืจืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื—ืœื”.
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ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ

ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ. ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
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    ืขืงื‘

    ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืข"ื•
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    ืžืฆื•ืจืข

    ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฆื•ืจืข ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ- ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื•
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    ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘

    ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘

    "ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš" โ€“ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 324

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืก"ื”
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    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘

    ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช

    "ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš" โ€“ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 323

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืก"ื”
ื—ืœื”
ื—ืœื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
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    1:02
    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il