ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื’
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
  • ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ
undefined
5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 11 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื—ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืžืจื™ื

ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™: "ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช" ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• - ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืื›ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืœื™ื, ืงื•ืจืข ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื”ื•ืจืก ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืกื•ืชื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช' 1 . ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื‘ืœ-ืชืฉื—ื™ืช' ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื• ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืžืื›ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืจื‘ ืœื—ื™ื›ื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ, ืื•ืœื™, ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืื›ืœ ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืื›ืœ ืœืฆืœื—ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ืœืงื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ.

ืื“ื ืฉืขืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื•ื›ืœ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื—, ืืœื - ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš. ื•ืื ื ืฉืืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ืื• ืฉื›ื ื™ื•. ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืคืฆื• ื‘ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—, ืฉื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื•ื’ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื• ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื—ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ืื–ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื‘ืคื—. ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคื—. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืื ืœื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืชืจ, ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื—ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ื
ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•. ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช' ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•. ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืฉื—ืชืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื—ืชืช ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื•ืก ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืžืขืœ ืœื—ื, ืฉืžื ื™ืฉืคืš ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื, ื•ื™ืžืื™ืกื ื• ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืœืœื—ื ื›ืœื™ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื’ื•ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื•ื’ืžื ื•ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงืขื, ื).

ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื—ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกืจื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืœื—ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืžืืกื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื•ืจืงื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืฉืงื“ื™ื ื•ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืจืชื ื‘ื–ืจื™ืงื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืžืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืชืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืขื˜ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืจื™ืงื” ื™ื™ืžืืกื•. ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื ืงื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ืจืงื” ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืชื™ืžืืก ื‘ื–ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืช ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืœืคื™ื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื•ืœื–ื•ืจืงื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืคืช ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขื•ืœืžื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืขื, ื).
ืืžื ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืคืช, ืืœื ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ื™ืœื–ื•ืœ ืืœื ืœื”ืคืš, ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืกืง ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืœื—ื ื›ืœืœ.

ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื•ืื” ืœื—ื ืื• ืฉืืจ ืžืื›ืœ ืžื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ืžืขื•ืคืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืจื™ืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขื˜, ืกืœืข ืื• ืขืฅ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” (ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื“, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ืงืขื, ื™ื). ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœื—ื ื›ื›ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืœื—ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื ื›ื›ืฃ. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืื›ืœื• ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื•ืœื ื™ื–ืจืงื•ื”ื•. ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืช ื›ื›ืฃ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื”, ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืœื—ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืœื—ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืคืช ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื“ื™ื™ืกื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืขื, ื’).

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ืœื—ื
ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืœื—ื, ืฉื”ืœื—ื ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืœื—ื ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื–ื™ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ื“ื ื•ืžืฉื—ื™ืชื (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงืค, ื’). ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื—ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื›ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื”, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื™ืชื ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื—ื ืœืฉืงื™ืช ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืคื—, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืขื•ื˜ืคื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืคื— ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ.

ืื ื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื›ื–ื™ืช, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ ืœื—ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื ื™ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืค, ื“) 2 , ื•ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ื”: ื”ืื—ืช, ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื™ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ืžืœืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื ืกื” 'ื ืงื™ื“' ืฉืžื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื ืงื™ื•ืช' ืฉืžื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืœืืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื™, 'ื ื‘ืœ' ืฉืžื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืœื›ืœื•ืš' ืฉืžื•. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืžืœืืš ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืงื™ ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืžืœืืš ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื, ื‘; ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงื”, ื‘). ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”. ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืกืคื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืœื–ื•ืจืงื ืœื—ืฆืจ ืื• ืœืžื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื›ืชื ืœืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื—ืชื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ื, ืจืง ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื ืœืืจืฅ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืค, ื™).

ืขื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ืฆืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฉืืจื• ืœื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ื, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืื›ืœื•ื ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื›ืš. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืจื™ ืœื—ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืื•ืกืคื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืคื—.


^ 1. ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืœื ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืฆื”" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›, ื™ื˜). ื•ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” (ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื), ืืš ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ: ื”ืจื™ื’ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–, ื‘; ื”ืฉื—ืชืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื›ื˜, ื; ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงืž, ื‘; ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื‘, ื. ืืœื ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฅ ืคืจื™, ืจืง ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืขืฅ ืคืจื™ ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื›ืจื” ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœ' ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•, ื™, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœ"ืช ื "ื–. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืจืฉื• ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื—ืชืช ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืกื•ืจื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื ื•"ื‘ ืชื ื™ื™ื ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื™'). ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื˜ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชืฉื—ื™ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืฉื ื”ืœื›ื” ื—'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืงื›"ื˜, ื•ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื, ื•ื”ืกืž"ื’ ืœืื•ื™ืŸ ืจื›"ื˜, ื•ื”ืกืž"ืง ืกื™' ืงืข"ื”, ื•ืชื•ืก' ื‘"ืž ืœื‘, ื‘.
^ 2. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžื›ื–ื™ืช, ืื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช, ืื–ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื‘ื“ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืคื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืงืค, ื™, ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืจื›"ื™).

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il