ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืืžื•ื ืช ืขื™ืชืš
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืงื”
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
undefined
13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ืฉืืœื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ื ืฉื›ืจ ืœืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”, ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ.
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘; ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืชื ืื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื.
ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืจื•ืš, ืืš ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืœืงื•ื—ื• ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื”; ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ืกืš ืฉืชื™ืงืŸ ืจื›ื‘, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ; ืฉื“ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ื•ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืืจืกื•, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืš ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืช.

ื. ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืืฉืžืชื•, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช
ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื. ื›ืš ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืช"ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื“ ืข"ื‘), ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•:
ื”ื”ื•ื ื“ืืชื ืœืงืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืคืœื•ื ื™, ืื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฉืžืŸ, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืžื™? ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื‘ื™ื“ ืœื•ืงื—, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื ืืžืŸ ืืชื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืฉื›ืจืš, ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ื ืืžืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”.
ื›ืš ื’ื ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื (ืคื’ ืข"ื):
ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ืŸ ืชื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื” ื”ื ื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืœืื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืชื ื“ื—ืžืจื. ืฉืงืœ ืœื’ืœื™ืžื™ื™ื”ื•, ืืชื• ืืžืจื• ืœืจื‘. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื• ื’ืœื™ืžื™ื™ื”ื•. - ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื“ื™ื ื ื”ื›ื™? - ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืื™ืŸ, (ืžืฉืœื™ ื‘, ื›) ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื• ื’ืœื™ืžื™ื™ื”ื•. ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื”: ืขื ื™ื™ ืื ืŸ, ื•ื˜ืจื—ื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืžื, ื•ื›ืคื™ื ืŸ, ื•ืœื™ืช ืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื–ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ ืื’ืจื™ื™ื”ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื“ื™ื ื ื”ื›ื™? ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ืื™ืŸ, (ืžืฉืœื™ ื‘, ื›) ื•ืืจื—ื•ืช ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืชืฉืžืจ.
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืฉืฉื‘ืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื–ืง, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื”ื’ื• ืขื™ืžื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื ื–ืง, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœื”ื. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื“ื ืœื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืขืœื™ื”.
ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“"ื” ืฉืงื•ืœืื™) ืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื’ืจืžื• ื ื–ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”: 'ื•ืชื‘ืจื• ืœื™ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”'. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืฉื›ืจื. ืืžื ื ืื ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, 1 ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ืฉื‘ืจื• ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืื• ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื; ืžืžื™ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืก ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืฉื›ืจ.
ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื ื– ืข"ื‘- ื ื— ืข"ื), ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืฉืงืœื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ:
ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ืฉืงืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืื• ืฉืื‘ื“ื•, ืื ืžืฉื ืชืจืžื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” - ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื’ื–ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื”ืŸ... ืืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ: ื”ื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ, ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืจืŸ... ื•ื”ื ื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืื• ืฉืื‘ื“ื• ืงืชื ื™, ื•ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘! ื•ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™, ื ื”ื™ ื“ืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืœื ืžืฉืœืžื™ - ืื’ืจื™ื™ื”ื• ืžื™ื”ื ืœืคืกื™ื“! - ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื”: ื ื’ื ื‘ื• - ื‘ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ื“ื• - ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื” ืกืคื™ื ืชื• ื‘ื™ื.
ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™:
ืื’ืจื™ื™ื”ื• ืžื™ื”ื ืœืคืกื™ื“ - ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืฉืชืขื‘ื“ื• ืœืฉื•ืžืจืŸ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืขืœ ืžื ืช ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืžืœืื›ืชืŸ. ื‘ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื™ืŸ - ื“ืื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื™, ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื.
ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืœื• ืขื•ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืก. ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื:
ื“ื”ื ืœื”ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื‘ื• ืœื”ื• ืื’ืจื ื“ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื• ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื• ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืช ืœื”ื• ืื’ืจื, ื•ืืคื™' ืงื‘ืœื•ื”ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื›ืจื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื•, ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ื“ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืื•ื ืก.
ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืช"ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžืคืฉื™ืขืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื–ืง ืฉื ื’ืจื ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช; ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจืื‘"ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืช ืกื™' ืฆื‘):
ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื›ื ืคืฉืข ืฉืœื ื›ืชื‘ืŸ ืœืฉืžืŸ ื“ื”ื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ื ืœืฉืžืŸ ืงืืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉืข ื“ื”ื ื ื˜ืžืื• ืงืืžืจ ืฉื ืคืœ ืฉืจืฅ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื• ืื“ื ื˜ืžื ื ื›ื ืก ื•ื ื’ืข ืžื“ืœื ืงืชื ื™ ื˜ืžืืชื™ื ื”ื™ืœื›ืš ืœื ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืื’ืจื™ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ื”ื•ื” ืืžืจ ื˜ืžืืชื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืื’ืจื™ื”...
ื‘'ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื' (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื“ ืข"ื‘) ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื 'ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืจ"ื•', ืฉืœืคื™ ืื—ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื”, ืื ื ืฉื›ืจ ืื“ื ืœืกืชื ืžืœืื›ื”, ืืฃ ืื ืขืกืง ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืžื ืื•ืชื, ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืฉื›ืจื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืฉื›ืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš; ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื.
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ ืกืช"ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘: 2
ืฉืืœืช ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื• ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื• ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื” ืื•ืชื. ืื ื”ื ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœื•ื. ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื• ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืื•ืช ืื—ืช ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืจ. ืž"ืž ื˜ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื” ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืื—ื•ืœื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื”. ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืื ื˜ืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืขื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ืžืคืฉื™ืขืชื•... ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืกืœ ื‘ื• ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืชื™ื ื™ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ื™ื’ื ื– ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืฉืจ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื ื–ืงื™ืŸ (ื ื“ ืข"ื‘) ื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ืคืจ... ื•ืž"ืž ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืื ื›ืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื, ื•ืื– ืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืกื™' ืฉื• ืกืขื™' ื—).
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื (ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืžื’):
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื "ื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื›ืœืœ ืืœื ืฉืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื™ ืขืœืžื ืžื•ื“ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืœื•ื™ ื›ืœื•ื.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ (ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืจื“), ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื‘ื:
ื”"ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืงืจื” ืœื• ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ืฆื ืžืžื—ื™ืฆืชื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืชื• ืคื” ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ืงื™ ื•ืืจื— ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื ืคื•ืขืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื•ื”ื• ืขืžื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื• ื•ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืกื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื™ื“ื ื›ื™ ืฉืžืขื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืขืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื•ื ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื•ื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื’' ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืš ืžืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœื• ื—ืจืก ื‘ื™ื“ื ื›ื™ ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืขืจ ืขื ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืงื— ื”ื ืขืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืจืข ืœื• ื•ืขืชื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื”ืกืš ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžืค' ืื‘ื™ ื”ื ืขืจ ื”ื ื–' ื”ืกืš ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืฆืœ' ื”ื ืขืจ ื›ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื ื• ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื•ืขืชื” ืฉื•ืืœ ืื‘ื™ ื”ื ืขืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคืจื•ืข ื”ืกืš ื”ื”ื•ื ืื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื.
ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื•.
ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ:
1. ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื”, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ.
2. ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืื•ื ืก, ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืข ืžืฉื›ืจื•.

ื‘. ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื”
ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืงื˜ื– ืข"ื‘) ื“ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื•, ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ืœ ืงืคืฅ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื ื” ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืคืฆื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ืœ, ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื•:
ื‘ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื” ืจื‘ ืžืจื‘ื™: ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืžื”ื•? ืืžืจ ืœื•: ื•ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืœื”? ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•. ืื™ืชื™ื‘ื™ื”: ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื“ื•ืจืžืกืงื ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ืžืฆืื• ืฉืžืช ืื• ืฉื”ื‘ืจื™ื - ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืžืฉืœื! ื"ืœ: ืžื™ ื“ืžื™? ื”ืชื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ื›ื ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื”.
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื”, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ืชื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืขื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื–ืืช ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ, ืฉื ืžืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ื•ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื“ ืชื•ืžื”.
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืฉื›ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืœืื›ืชื•, ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข? ืื ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื‘ืืฉืžืชื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืขืœื™ื•? ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื:
1. ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื“
ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ 3 ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœืคื•ืขืœ:
ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกืจืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืœื•ื™ ื•ื ืชืจืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืชื•, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืœื•ื™, ื›ื™ ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืื•, ื•ืžื›ืจื• ืœืื—ืจ; ื•ืขืชื” ืชื•ื‘ืข ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ื”ืกืจืกื•ืจ, ื“ืžื™ ืกืจืกืจื•ืชื• ืžืจืื•ื‘ืŸ. ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื ื‘ืžื” ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื• ืžืขื•ืช... ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืกืจืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื“ื›ื ื™ื, ืื ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ืกืจืกื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœื•ื... ื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื”ื... ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืžื”ื•; ืืžืจ ืœื™ื”: ื–ื• ืฉืืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•; ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ: ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื•, ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื•. ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™, ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื•, ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•, ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืกืจืกืจื•ืชื•... ื•ืขื•ื“, ื“ืœื ื“ืžื™ ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื”ืชื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ื—ืžื•ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืœื—ืžื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื, ืœื ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื”ืกืจืกื•ืจ ืžืื•ืžื”.
ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกืจืกื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ื‘ืืฉืžืช ืžืขืกื™ืงื•, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžืœืฉืœื ืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ', ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฆืœื”, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”.
2. ืœืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ืฉ ื”ื ืื” ืžื›ืš ืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ื•ื•ื (ืฉื•"ืช ืกื™' ืกื’), ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”' (ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืจืกื“ ืก"ืง ื”) ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ:
ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ื—ื‘ืฉื• ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื ื•ืขืžื“ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืกืจ ื•ืคืกืง ืฉื ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืชื ื” ืขืžื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžืืŸ ื“ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื• ื•ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื“ื”ื ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื...
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ื•ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—:
ื“ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืื ืœื ื™ืจื“ ื–ื”, ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ืขืœื” ืžืžื™ืœื.
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื ืื” ืžืžื•ื ื™ืช ืžื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
3. ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“
'ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื”' (ืฉื) ื›ื•ืชื‘, ืฉืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ (ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืงืกื–) ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ื•ื•ื, ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื ืื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ืงืง ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉ'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ', ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ืชื ื” ืขืžื•, ืืš ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™.
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืกืง (ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืจืกื“ ืกืขื™' ื“) ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืฉ'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•':
ื“ื•ืงื ืฉื”ืชื ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื , ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ืชื ื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื•ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื“ื”ื ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื•... ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืคืกื• ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืืกืจ ื‘ืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืœื•ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืชื ื” ืขืžื•. ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืฆื ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจ, ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ: ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชืš ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื™ืคื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืืžืช ืืชื•, ืž"ืž ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืจืื•ืช ื‘"ื“, ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืค' ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืชืจื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื”ืจ"ื ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ื•ื•ืื” ืกื™' ืกื’).
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื” ืขืžื• ืœืฉืœื ื•ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชื•, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•, ืืฃ ืื ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื• ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืืช ืœื‘ื“.
ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜' (ืกื™' ืจืกื“, ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืก"ืง ื’) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—:
ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื”ื˜ืขื, ื“ื›ืฉื”ืชื ื”, ืื– ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืžืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืœืš ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื•.
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ.
4. ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืกืคืง ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ' (ืงื ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืช"ืฉ ืกื™' ืจืกื“, ืก"ืง ื) ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืชื“ืœืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืืฆืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื ืจืื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ' ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื•, ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืฆืœื™ื—. ืืžื ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื“ืœืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื ื”'ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื' (ื”ืœ' ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื›"ื’):
...ื•ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื”ืชื ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืฉื"ืœ ืืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืœืš ื•ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ ื“ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ืจื“ ืœื ื”ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืจื— ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื ื” ื•ื"ืœ ืื ืชืฆื™ืœ ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืฉื›ืจืš ื”ืจื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื•ืืž' ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืœื›ืฉื™ืฆื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืฆืœ ืืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืฉื›ืจืš ื“ืื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืขืชื• ื“ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื™ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืชืžื ืฉื"ืœ ื”ืฆืœ ืืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื• ื•ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืฉื›ืจืš ื ืจืื” ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื•, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืชืจื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื“ื›ื ื•ืช (ืื•ืช ืงืขื’) ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืœืžื•ื“.
ื”'ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื' ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื”.
ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•:
1. ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืกื“ ืœืคื•ืขืœ (ืจื"ืฉ).
2. ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” (ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ื•ื•ื).
3. ื”ืชื ื” ืฉื™ืฉืœื ืœื• (ืจืž"ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื”ืจ"ื).
4. ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ('ื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจ' ื•'ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื').

ื’. ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ืžื—ืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื ืขื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข, ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฉืœื“ ืกืขื™' ื) ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืงื‘ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื 4 ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•:
'ื”ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืœืš ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืฉื›ืจื• ืžืฉืœื'.
ื‘'ืžืจื“ื›ื™' (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืฉื ื’) ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืฉืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ื’ืจืช ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืชื™ื’ืจ, ื”'ืžืจื“ื›ื™' ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืž"ื ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฉืœื” ืกืขื™' ื‘). ืืžื ื 'ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™' (ืกื™' ืชืก) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืื ื•ืก ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ.
ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืขื– ืข"ื) ืžืชืงืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืื ืก ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ื”ืคืกื“ ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘:
... ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืœืง, ืฉืœื ืืžืจื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื›ื• ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ ื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื›ื• ื•ืชืงื ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืš. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื•ื ืก ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ืฉืืžืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื›ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื•.
ืขื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื”, ื•ื”ื”ื‘ืื” ื˜ืคืœื” ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืœืฉื›ืจื• ืื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื•ืž"ืž ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจื• 'ืžืฉืœื', ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”, ืฉื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื•ืง ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืจื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœื•ื. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืžืฆืื• ืชื‘ื•ืื”, ืื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืขื™ืงืจ.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื ื–ื• ืคืฉื™ืขืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง, ืฉืฉืœื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ื ืก, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉืชื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžื—ืžืช ืื•ื ืก, ื•ืื– ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื; ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื ืชื’ืœื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ 5 ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืืจื™ืก ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืงืจืงืข. ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช 'ืงื‘ืœืŸ', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื• ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ืขืฉืชื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื›ื— ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืจืง ืื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœ - ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ, ืืš ืื ืœื ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” - ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ:
...ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื–"ืœ ื“ื›ืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื“ืžื™ืชืจืžื™ ื‘ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื“ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ื•ื™, ื•ืื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–"ืœ ื“ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื˜ืฃ ื ื”ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจื• ืืฉื›ื—ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื‘ืชืจื ืชื ื™ ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืืœื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ื ื–ืงืง ืœื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื ืžื™ ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื“ื™ืœืŸ ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœื” ืžืืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื–ื• ืงื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืจื™ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื• ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื.
ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ืกืก ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•. ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช ืžื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉ'ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืขืœื” ืžืืœื™ื•', ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื™ ืฉ'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ'. ืืžื ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉ'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ', ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”, ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื ื• ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
ืฉื•"ืช 'ื‘ืขื™ ื—ื™ื™' 6 ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื”ืœืš ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœ 'ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื•ืฉืœื', ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืคื•ืกืง 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•', ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. (ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ):
1. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื”ืชื ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ืจืง ืื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— - ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื•ืฉืœื, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ืชื ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืฉื›ืจื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื•ืฉืœื. 7
2. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืงื‘ืœ 'ืฉื›ืจื• ืžื•ืฉืœื'. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉ'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ' ื›ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ, 'ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•. 8 ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื•ืฆืื”, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื.
3. ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื ืฉืœื™ื— ื•ื’ื 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ', ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื›ืจ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืœ, ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœื ืžืฆื, ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืจืง ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ', ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื”.
ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ 'ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜' (ืกื™' ืฉืœื”, ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืก"ืง ื’) ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ:
ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืื•ื ืกื ื“ืฉืœื™ื— ื“ืžื™ืงืจื™ ืื•ื ืกื ื“ืคื•ืขืœ ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืœื ื ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื”"ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื“ืžื” ืœื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืื ืก ื‘ืขื”"ื‘, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืœื ื ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื... ื•ื ื’ื“ ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ"ื“ ืข"ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ื ืกื ื“ืคื•ืขืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ื›ืฉืœื ื ื”ื ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•"ื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ืžืžื ื•... ื“ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืขื›"ืค ืฉื›ืจ, ื“ืฉื ืื•ื ืกื ื“ื‘ืขื”"ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื•ืžืจ ืื ื ื”ื ืงืื™ืžื ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืœื.
ืืžื ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืžื“ื•ืข 'ื™ืจื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ' ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืื•ื ืก ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.

ืžืกืงื ื•ืช
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื• ืžื—ืžืช ืื•ื ืก, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•:
1. ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ืื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื ื‘ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื•, ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื•ืชื ื” ืชื ืื™ ื›ื–ื”, ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื•.
2. ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื), ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื•.
3. ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•, ืืš ืœื ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืœื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš.
4. ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื ืก ื”ื•ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืืฆืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• .
ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ืžื—ืžืช ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื• ืžื—ืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืงืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.

ืžืชื•ืš 'ืืžื•ื ืช ืขืชื™ืš' ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ www.toraland.org.il





^ 1.. ืจืื” ืžืื™ืจื™, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื.
^ 2.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื—"ื ืืœืฃ ื ื•, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืœื’; ื•ืจืื” ื ื•ืกื— ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืกื™' ืฉืœื—.
^ 3.. ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื›ืœืœ ืงื” ืกื™' ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ื•"ืž ืงืคื”.
^ 4.. ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืค"ื– ื”"ื’, ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืจื™"ืฃ, ื‘"ืž ื“ืฃ ืžื– ืข"ื ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ; ืจืžื‘"ื, ื”ืœ' ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื—; ืจื"ืฉ, ื‘"ืž ืกื™' ื• ืก"ืง ื•.
^ 5.. ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื‘"ืž ืขื– ืข"ื, ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืœ ืืชืจ.
^ 6.. ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ืขื™ ื—ื™ื™, ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืจื›; ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฉืœื” ืฉืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
^ 7.. ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกืž"ืข ืœืฉื•"ืข, ืกื™' ืฉืœื” ืก"ืง ื—; ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืจืื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื, ื”ืœ' ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืกื™' ื—.
^ 8.. ื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืกืงื ืช ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื, ืฉื.

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