ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืงืœืœื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžืจื•
ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึดืœึฐืœึทืช ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ืฉืึธื•ึถื”* ืœึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืžึผึธืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึทื•ึผึธื ึธืชึทื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืง ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืช ื’ึผื•ึผืคึธืโ€ข ื‘ึผึทืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึทืช ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื•ึผื›ึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึดื ึผึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ*, ื•ึฐืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึดืœึฐืœึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืคึฐืกึตื“ ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื. ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ ื˜ื–): "ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธื” ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ืขึดืฆึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึตืจึนื ึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื‘ ืชึผึตืœึฐื“ึดื™ ื‘ึธื ึดื™ื", ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืฉืึถืงึผึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐืงึทืœึฐืœึธื”, ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื˜ื•ึผื‘ ืžึดื–ึฐื’ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึนื—ื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทืœึผึตื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื”ึตืจึธื™ื•ึนืŸ ืงึทืœ ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ, ืกื•ึนื‘ึถืœึถืช ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืขึถืฆึถื‘, ื•ึฐื›ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึธืฉืึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉืึธื”ึผโ€ข ื•ึผืคึดืชึผึฐืชึธื” ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื ึดืชึฐืงึทืœึฐืœึธื” ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึผื* ืžื•ึนืฉืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ, ื›ึผึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึน (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื): "ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ".

ืงืœืœืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ
ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืงึดืœึฐืœึทืช ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืคึฐืกึตื“ ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืชึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืกึดื‘ึผึทืช ื”ึธืึตื™ื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธื“ึธื. ื•ึผื‘ึธื–ึถื” ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืึตืจ ืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืกึธืชื•ึผื ืžึฐืึนื“, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื: ืžึถื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืงึฐืœึธืœึธื” ืœึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ื‘ึผึธืึตื™ื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ื•ึน, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืกึธืคึตืง ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ืจึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ืœึนื ื ึดืจึฐื“ึผึนืฃ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื—ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึทื–ึดึผื™ืงึธื ื•ึฐืœึทื”ึฒืžึดื™ืชึธื, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ* ื ึดื‘ึฐืจึทื— ืžึตื”ึถื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนื—ึตื ื•ึผ, ืžึดื™ ื™ึดืชึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึนืฉื ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ื”ึธืึตื™ื‘ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืงึฐืœึธืœึธื” ืœึธืึธื“ึธื, ืœึนื ืœึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื›ึผึปืœึผื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ืกึดื‘ึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทืคึฐืกึดื™ื“ ืžึถื–ึถื’ ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ึนื—ื•ึนืชึธื™ื•, ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึปืคึฐืกึทื“ ืžึดื–ึฐื’ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื›ึนื—ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช* ื”ึทื”ึถืคึฐืกึตื“, ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึธืจ ืคึผึตืจึตืฉื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึน (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ ื™ื“): "ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื”", ืจึธืฆึธื” ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”: ืงึดืฆึผื•ึผืจ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื•. ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืงึดืœึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ื”ึธืจึนื—ึทืง ืžึดืžึผึถื–ึถื’ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึฐื›ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ื•ึนื“ึทืข ืฉืึถืžึผึถื–ึถื’ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ึทืžึฐืฉืึปื‘ึผึธื— ืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื–ึธื’ึดื™ื, ื™ึดืชึฐื—ึทื™ึผึตื‘ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ื”ึธืจึนื—ึทืง ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ืจึทืข ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ื—ึธืกึตืจ.

ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื•ื”ืขืคืจ
ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืกึดื™ืžึธื ึตื™ ื”ึทืงึผึฐืœึธืœึธื” ืขึทืœ ื–ึถื”*, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’ ื™ื“): "ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึฐื—ึนื ึฐืšึธ ืชึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืขึธืคึธืจ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ", ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื ึดืฆึผึทื‘ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืžึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึฐื™ึถืชึถืจ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ืึตื™ื ึธื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐื ึธื, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ื”ึทื”ึถืคึถืšึฐ ืœึทืžึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™, ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึถื ืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ึดื ืžึทืฆึผึดื™ื‘ึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึธื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึตืงึดื™ื ืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐืงึทืœึผึตืœ ื ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึตืง ืžึดื™ึผึทื—ึทืก ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื‘ึทืขึทืœ ื—ึทื™ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึตืง, ื•ึฐื ึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึทืง ืœึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช. ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึน ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ: "ื•ึฐืขึธืคึธืจ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ", ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืกึผึถื›ึถืช "ื™ื•ึนืžึธื" (ืขื” ื): "ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึธืžึดื™ ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึธืกึดื™, ื—ึทื“ ืึธืžึทืจ: ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืื•ึนื›ึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒื“ึทื ึผึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื™ึดื˜ึฐืขึนื ื˜ึทืขึทื ืขึธืคึธืจ, ื•ึฐื—ึทื“ ืึธืžึทืจ: ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืื•ึนื›ึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒื“ึทื ึผึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐื™ึทืฉึผืึถื‘ึถืช ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืื•ึนื›ึตืœ ืขึธืคึธืจ". ื•ึผืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืžึดืชึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืงึปืจึฐื‘ึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึถืขึธืคึธืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืชึฐื™ึทืฉึผืึตื‘ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ื‘ึผื•ึน, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื“ึผื•ึนืžึถื” ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐื™ึทื—ึตืก ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ, ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื™ึนืื›ึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทืขึฒื“ึทื ึผึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื™ึดื˜ึฐืขึทื ื˜ึทืขึทื ืขึธืคึธืจ, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึดืงึฐืจึถื” ืœึฐื‘ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื–ึธื’ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึธืขึดื™ื, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึดื’ึฐื‘ึผึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”*, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืžึธืจึธื” ื™ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื”ึทื™ึผึตื™ื ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืžึธืจึดื™ื. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืกึดื‘ึผึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตื™ื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืฉื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธืชื•ึน ื”ึถืขึธืคึธืจ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐืžึดื–ึฐื’ึผื•ึน, ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐื ึธื ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™, ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ืžึดืžึผึดื–ึฐื’ึผื•ึน.
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ืฉืึธื•ึถื” โ€“ ืžืชืื™ืžื”, ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžื™ื“ื”. ืฉืึถื”ึดื ึผึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ โ€“ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ื•ึผื โ€“ ื”ืื™ืฉ. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ โ€“ ืืœื. ื‘ึผึฐืชึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช โ€“ ื‘ืฉื™ื. ื–ึถื” โ€“ ื”ื ื—ืฉ. ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” โ€“ ืกื•ื’ ื—ื•ืœื™.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืกื™ืžืœ ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช. ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืงื•ืœืœื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื’ื•ืคื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื•ืื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”, ื ื—ืœืฉ. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ืืฉืจ ืžืชื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื™ื "ืžืฉืœื”" ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื–ืง ืขืฆื•ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžืขื˜. ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš "ื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ" [ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’, ื˜ื–].
ื’ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืงื•ืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืฉืคืœื• ื•ื™ืจื“ื•. ื”ื•ื ื™ื–ื—ืœ ืฉืคื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืœื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืจื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ื™ืื›ืœ ืขืคืจ ื•ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”' ืœื ื—ืฉ: "ืึตื™ื‘ึธื” ืึธืฉืึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธื”ึผ" [ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’, ื˜ื•]. ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืœื—ืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื—ืฉ. ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื•ืชื ืืœื ื”ื”ืคืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื. ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ืงืœืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง.
ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจื ืœื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื•ืขืจืขืจ ืืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™. ื”ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื• ืžืคื•ืชื—. ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืœื ื—ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ื˜ืขื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืคืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ืขื ืžืื›ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™, ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืคืจ. ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื• ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื’ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ื”ื ื—ืฉ ื’ื•ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืžืžืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”. ืฉื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื™ื‘ื”. ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื ืื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื—ืกื™ ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืง. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื”ื‘ื”. ืืš ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื’ื“ืœื” ื”ืื™ื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื ืื” ื•ื”ืื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ืืš ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉ.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ขืžื”ื™ ืืฉืžืช ื”ืื™ืฉื”
ืœึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืง ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืช ื’ึผื•ึผืคึธื. ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืคืฉ ืชืชื—ื–ืง ืžื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืขื ืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ื•? ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžื™ื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืชืคืกื” ืžืงื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ืคืฉ (ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”').
โ€ขื”ืคื’ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื™
ืœึฐื—ึทื–ึผึตืง ื›ึผึนื—ื•ึนืช ื’ึผื•ึผืคึธื... ื•ึฐื›ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึธืฉืึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึดื™ืฉืึธื”ึผ. ื”ืคื’ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืื“ื, ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจืฆื•ื™ื”. ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื™ื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง : "ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš-ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืœืš ื‘ืžืกื™ืœืชื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื•... (ื•)ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืื•ืžืฅ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”" [ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™ื” ืขืž' 407]. ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื™ื : "ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ืžื”ืจื” ื™ืฉืžืข... ืงื•ืœ ื›ืœื”...' [ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช], ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื ืืžืจ 'ื ืืœืžืชื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื”' [ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜, ื’], ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื”, 'ื•ื›ืื™ืœื ืœื ื™ืคืชื— ืคื™ื•' [ืฉื ืœื—, ื™ื“] ื›ื•'. ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื”ืจื™ ืืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืœื™' ื•ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉื•ืชืงืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืฉืชืชืขืœื” ืžืขืœื” ืžืขืœื”, ืื– ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืคืขืช ื•ื ืงืจื 'ืงื•ืœ ื›ืœื”'" [ืื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื’ืฉ].

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ
"ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืšึฐ". ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง. ื”ืื ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™?
ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืขืคืจ, ืืœื ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืืœ ืงืœืœืชื•?
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il