ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”


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ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™

ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ



ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื”


ื ื”ึตื™ื›ึธืŸ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ? ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื - ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ึฐืงึนื“, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึตืขึธืจ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถืžึผึนื—ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ืจื•ึนืคึตืก ื‘ึผื•ึน. ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื›ึทื•ึผึตืŸ ืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื‘ึผึธืึถืžึฐืฆึทืข, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื. ื•ึฐื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทืงึผึถืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึนื‘ึทื”ึผ ื”ึธืขึนืจึถืฃ, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทื’ึผึปืœึฐื’ึผึนืœึถืช.

ื  ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื - ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื—. ืฉืึถืžึผึนื—ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืชึผึดื™ื ื•ึนืง ืจื•ึนืคึตืก ื‘ึผื•ึน - ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ืœื’ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•.

ื‘ ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ - ืงื•ึนืฉืึตืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœื•ึน ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ืช, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื”ึทืชึผึธืคื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืžึผึทืจึฐืคึผึตืง ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืคึผึถืจึถืง ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชึตืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ืคึผึถืจึถืง ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืจื•ึนืขึท, ืฉืึถื ึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืง ืžึทืจึฐืคึผึฐืงื•ึน ืœึดืฆึฐืœึธืขึธื™ื•, ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืžึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื... ืขึทืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•,ื•).

ื‘  ืงื•ึนืฉืึตืจ - ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืžื”ื“ืง ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“. ื•ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’,ื™ื‘) ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื™ืจื” ืชืžื”, ืืš ืื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ืงื ื˜). ืจื‘ื ื• ืžืชืืจ ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“. ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ - ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ. ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืžึผึทืจึฐืคึผึตืง - ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื ืฉื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืคึผึถืจึถืง ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชึตืฃ - ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคึผึถืจึถืง ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืจื•ึนืขึท - ื”ืžืจืคืง. ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” - ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.

ื’ ื”ึทืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึทืก ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื—ื•ึน - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ื•ึน ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืช. ื”ึธืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืขึฒื’ึปืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึธืึฑื’ื•ึนื– - ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ. ืึดื˜ึผึตืจ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืœึตื˜ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• - ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœื•ึน, ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึธื“ึธื. ื•ึผืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืงึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึทืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืชึธืŸ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื” ืœึฐืžึธื“ื•ึผื.

ื’  ืคึผึทืก ื™ึธื“ื•ึน - ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ื•. ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืช - ื›ืคื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืื™ื, "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืคืฉื˜ื™ ื”ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื•" (ืคื”"ืž ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“,ื–), ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ืืช "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ืš"' ื•ืืช "ืขืœ ื™ื“ืš" ื›ืคื™ ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื•. ืึดื˜ึผึตืจ - ืฉืžืืœื™. ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžื•ึผืขึธื” - ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขื• ืื™ืฉ ืžืคื™ ืจื‘ื• ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื (ืง').

ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื”


ื“ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืžึฐืขึทื›ึผึถื‘ึถืช ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืžึฐืขึทื›ึผึถื‘ึถืช ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื–ื•ึน ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื–ื•ึน ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐื›ึตื™ืฆึทื“ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ? ืขึทืœ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ 'ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืงึดื“ึผึฐืฉืึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ', ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ 'ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืงึดื“ึผึฐืฉืึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ'.

ื“  ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท - ืžืกื•ืจืช ืื—ืจืช (ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ื›ื”,ื–): "ืœึฐื”ึธื ึดื™ื—ึท".

ื” ื‘ึผึทืžึผึถื” ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื? ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึดื ื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื”ึถืŸ - ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช, 'ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ', ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืฉืึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื. ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื—ื•ึนืœึตืฅ - ื—ื•ึนืœึตืฅ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื—ื•ึนืœึตืฅ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“.

ื”  ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช - ื›ื™ "ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื... ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ: 'ืœืžืขืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ื‘ืคื™ืš'" (ืฉื•"ืช ืจืคื—). ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืฉืึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืืฆื‘ืข (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’,ื™ื‘).

ื• ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืจึตืšึฐ 'ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ' ื•ึฐืงึธืฉืึทืจ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ - ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ, ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึธืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผื•ึน, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื. ื•ึฐืึดื ืกึธื— - ื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื–ื•ึน ืขึฒื‘ึตืจึธื”, ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื”, 'ืขึทืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ', ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื.

ื•  ืœึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ - ืœื“ื‘ืจ.

ื– ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธืŸ, ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื—ึธืœึทืฅ ื•ึฐืœึธื‘ึทืฉื ืžึตืึธื” ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืงึนื“ึถื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึธืชึธืŸ; ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจึดื™ืช ืงึนื“ึถื ืงึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึธื”, ืฉืึถืงึผึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึธืชึธืŸ ื–ื•ึน ื”ึดื™ื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึธืชึธืŸ.

ื–  ืงึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึธื” - ื”ื™ื“ื•ืง ืืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื ื—ื”.

ื— ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื—ื•ึนืœึตืฅ ืึธื“ึธื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื• ืœึฐื”ึทืฆึฐื ึดื™ืขึธืŸ ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ - ืœึนื ื™ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืžึดืœึผึฐืžึทื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืžึดืœึผึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึฐืœึธื‘ึฐืฉืึธืŸ ื™ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึนื‘ึฐืฉืึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืงึนื“ึถื ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“, ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึฐื”ึธื ึดื™ื—ึท ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช, ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืชึผึธื‘ื•ึนื ืœึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” - ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืชึฐืขึทืกึผึตืง. ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืœึฐื‘ึผึทืฉื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตื“ึถืจ.

ื—  ืœึฐื”ึทืฆึฐื ึดื™ืขึธืŸ - ืœืฉืžืจืŸ. ื™ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข - ื™ืคื’ื•ืฉ. ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื”ึผ - ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง ื•ืื™ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืื•ืชื”. ืฉืึถืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึธื”ึผ - ื‘ืฆื“ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืœ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืข"ืค ืจ"ื— ื™ื•ืžื ืœื’,ื‘; ืง').

ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ


ื˜ ื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึฑื›ึดื™ื ื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึผื•ึน ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึธืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน - ื ึดืชึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื, ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืžึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื—ึนืœ. ื”ึฑื›ึดื™ื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึผื•ึน, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึผื•ึน ืขึฒืจึทืื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึฑื›ึดื™ื ื•ึน - ืœึนื ื ึดืชึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื, ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื—ึนืœ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื”. ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึดืชึฐืœื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธืจึฐืฆื•ึผืขึธื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืชึผื•ึนืœึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึดื™ืก ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืžึปื ึผึธื—ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน.

ื˜  ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึดืชึฐืœื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ืœืชืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื•ื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืื™.

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื ื—ื”


ื™ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืœึนื ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’,ื™); "ื—ึปืงึผึธื”" (ืฉื) ื–ื•ึน - ื”ึดื™ื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืึตื™ื ึธืŸ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืื•ึนืช" (ืฉื ื™ื’,ื˜; ื•ืฉื: ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ), ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึตืŸ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธืŸ ืื•ึนืช. ื•ึผืžึตืึตืžึธืชึทื™ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึธื—ึธืชึธืŸ? ืžึดื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืจึฐืึถื” ืึถืช ื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื—ื•ึผืง ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึทื›ึผึดื™ืจึตื”ื•ึผ, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถืชึผึดืฉืึฐืงึทืข ื”ึทื—ึทืžึผึธื”.

ื™  ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึปืงึผึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืœึฐืžื•ึนืขึฒื“ึธื”ึผ, ืžึดื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืžึธื”". ื•ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื - "ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ื•ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ - ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืงืจืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" (ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื,ื). ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ (ืคื”"ืž ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™,ื; ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื,ื™). ื”ึตืŸ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธืŸ ืื•ึนืช - ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ืืžืจ: "ืึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืช ื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื... ื‘ึผึตื™ื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืื•ึนืช ื”ึดื•ื ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื,ื™ื’ ื™ื–); ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื•: "ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื 'ืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ' (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’,ื›ื“; ื›ื’,ืœื˜)" (ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื,ื‘), ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืงืจืื• "ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”'" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’,ืœื—).

ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ื•ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ


ื™ื’ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ ืžึดืงึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืžึทืข - ืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ. ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื• - ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ืœื•ึนืงึตื—ึท ืœื•ึน ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืœึฐื—ึทื ึผึฐื›ื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช. ื—ื•ึนืœึตื™ ืžึตืขึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึธื›ื•ึนืœ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึถืช ื ึฐืงึธื‘ึธื™ื• ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทืขึทืจ - ืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื˜ึผึฐืžึตืึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ - ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึทื˜ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ. ืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึทืขึตืจ, ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื ึฐื›ื•ึนื ึธื” ื•ึผืžึฐื™ึปืฉึผืึถื‘ึถืช ืขึธืœึธื™ื• - ืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืžึผึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึทืกึผึดื™ื—ึท ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตื”ึถืŸ. ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื”, ื•ึผืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึผื›ึธืŸ, ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ืžึทืขึฒืžึธื“ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื - ืคึผึฐื˜ื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ.

ื™ื’  ื”ึทืคึผึธื˜ื•ึผืจ ืžึดืงึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืžึทืข - ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื—ืชืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื•ืœื”, ืžื™ ืฉืžืช ืœื• ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžืชื• ื•ื”ื—ื•ืคืจ ืงื‘ืจ ืœืžืช (ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืข ื“,ื ื’). ื—ื•ึนืœึตื™ ืžึตืขึทื™ึดื - ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืืฃ ืœื”ืคื™ื— ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึถืช ื ึฐืงึธื‘ึธื™ื• - ืœื”ืชืืคืง. ืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึทืขึตืจ - ืกื•ื‘ืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืœื”. ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ื ึฐื›ื•ึนื ึธื” - ื“ืขืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ืœื™ืœืš ืขื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” - ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื” (ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™,ื•). ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึผื›ึธืŸ - ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ืžึทืขึฒืžึธื“ึธืŸ - ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืจืื” ืฉื ื•,ื), ืฉ"ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ืขืฆืžืŸ, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ืขืชื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช" (ืคื”"ืž ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“,ื‘).

ื™ื“ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืึธื“ึธื ืœึฐืžึทืฉืึฐืžึตืฉื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึทืกึผึดื™ื—ึท ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตื”ึถืŸ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืึถื—ึธื“, ืฉืึถืงึผึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธืชึธืŸ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืžึดืงึผึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืฅ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืฅ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึตื ืึถื—ึธื“, ื•ึฐืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึตื ืฉืึถืœึผึฐื™ื•ึน"ื“ ื”ึต"ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื, ื•ึผื›ึฐืžื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“.

ื™ื“  ื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืฅ - ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื“,ื˜.

ื˜ื• ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฆึฐืจึดื™ื›ึดื™ืŸ ื’ึผื•ึผืฃ ื ึธืงึดื™*, ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื–ึผึธื”ึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึผึตืฆึตื ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืžึดืœึผึฐืžึทื˜ึผึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึตืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•. ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึดื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืงึถื‘ึทืข, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืขึฒืจึทืื™, ืึถืœึผึธื ืึดื ื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืกื•ึผื“ึธืจ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืึดืฉึผืึธื” - ื™ึธืฉืึตืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืขึฒืจึทืื™; ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“ ื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื”? ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึตืŸ. ื˜ื–1 ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื• ื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผื›ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน - ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึดื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืงึถื‘ึทืข.

ื˜ื•  ื’ึผื•ึผืฃ ื ึธืงึดื™* - ื‘ื›"ื™ ืง' ื ื•ืกืฃ "ื›ึผึถืึฑืœึดื™ืฉืึธืข", ื•ื”ื•ื "ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื" ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื˜,ื). ื”ึดื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืกื•ึผื“ึธืจ - ืžื˜ืคื—ืช (ืคื”"ืž ืฉื‘ืช ื’,ื‘), ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืึดืฉึผืึธื” - ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื›ื— ื•ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืืช ืžื™ื˜ืชื• (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื). ืฉืึฐื ึทืช ืขึฒืจึทืื™ - ืฉื™ื ื” ืงืœื”. ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ - ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื›ื“ืจื›ื. ื˜ื–1  ื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผื›ึดื™ืŸ - ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื™ืฆืชื ื›ืจื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•.

ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืขืจื•ื•ื”, ืžืฉื ื•ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ


ื›ื’ ืœึนื ื™ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทืงึผึฐื‘ึธืจื•ึนืช ื•ึผืชึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉืื•ึน; ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืœึผึทืžึผึตืช ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืงึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึทื—ึฒืœึนืฅ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื•, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ืง ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืœึฐื‘ึผึทืฉื ืึธื“ึธื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื›ึทืกึผึถื” ืขึถืจึฐื•ึธืชื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึดืœึฐื‘ึผึทืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื“ึธื™ื•. ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืฉื‚ึตื ืžึทืฉึผื‚ื•ึนื™ ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน - ื—ื•ึนืœึตืฅ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืกึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฉึผื‚ื•ึนื™. ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืžึดื˜ึฐืคึผึทื—ึทืช ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐื”ึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึนืืฉื ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืฆื•ึนื ึตืฃ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืฆึฐื ึทืคึฐืชึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื™ื•.

ื›ื’  ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื”ึทืงึผึฐื‘ึธืจื•ึนืช - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืžึดื˜ึฐืคึผึทื—ึทืช - ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื ืงืœ ื›ืžื˜ืคื—ืช. ืžึดืฆึฐื ึทืคึฐืชึผื•ึน - ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื (ื›ืก"ืž). ื•ื›ื•ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืžืฆื ืคืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ (ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™,ื•).

ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ


ื›ื” ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื”ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืฉืึถืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื–ึฐืจื•ึนืขื•ึน, ื”ื•ึผื ืขึธื ึธื• ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึตื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื ึดืžึฐืฉืึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐื—ื•ึนืง ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึตืœึธื”, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื”ึทืจึฐื”ึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืจึธืขื•ึนืช, ืึถืœึผึธื ืžึทืคึฐื ึถื” ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึธืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึถื“ึถืง. ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึธื“ึธื ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื“ึผึตืœ ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืฉืึถืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธืชึธืŸ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื. ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ืจึทื‘, ืชึผึทืœึฐืžึดื™ื“ ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึทืงึผึธื“ื•ึนืฉื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ืœึนื ืจึธืื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ืฆึดื™ืฆึดื™ืช ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ.

ื›ื”  ืฉื‚ึดื™ื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื˜ึตืœึธื” - ืฉื™ื—ื” ืกืชืžื™ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจื”, ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ: ื”ื™ืืš ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” (ืคื”"ืž ืื‘ื•ืช ื,ื˜ื–). "ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืจื‘, ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉืœื ืฉื— ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื•, ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ืื“ื" (ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘,ื“).

ื›ื• ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธืชึธืŸ ืœึฐืœึธื‘ึฐืฉืึธืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึทืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื™ึธืชึตืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ; ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื: ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงึฐืจึดื™ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืžึตืขึดื™ื“ ืขึตื“ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึท ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ืขื•ึนื‘ึตืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึธื” ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื”, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืฆึดื•ึผึธื” ืขึทืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึธืจึนืืฉื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึทื™ึผึธื“. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืจึธื’ึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ืžึทืึฒืจึดื™ืšึฐ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื™ื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื - ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืœื—,ื˜ื–).

ื›ื•  ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืžึตืขึดื™ื“ ืขึตื“ื•ึผืช ืฉืึถืงึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน - ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื. ื”ึธืจึธื’ึดื™ืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึดื™ืŸ - ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื” (ืžื•"ื  ื’,ื ื). ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื™ื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ - ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื™ื—ื™ื• (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืžื“,ื‘).

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
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