ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”
undefined
19 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”

ื - ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืชื”; ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืžืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื ื›ื ืก ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืืžื ื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืชืงื ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื” ืขื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื’ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืžืฉืœ - ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš; ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืœื”', ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืขื“, ื•; ืฆื, ื).
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืจื•ืฅ, ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืจ, ื•ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ืจื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืื—ื•ืจื™ื• (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคืจืง ื’). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ.

ื‘ - ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' (ืจืž"ื ืฆื”, ื). ื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืœืš ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืคืกื•ืข ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื‘ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืคืกืข ืœืงืจืืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช (ืืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื”). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœืžืงื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืกืžื•ืš ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืคืกืข ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื‘ื"ื— ื‘ืฉืœื— ื’; ื›ื”"ื— ืฆื”, ื–). ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ืœืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื‘ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœ"ืชื”ืœื•ืช ืœื-ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ" ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื’ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื™ืคืกืข ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช (ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืž"ื‘ ืฆื”, ื’).
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคืกื•ืข ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื’ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ: "ื”' ืฉืคืชื™ ืชืคืชื—", ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. 1
ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืจื•ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•. ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื ื–ืœืช, ื™ืงื ื— ืืช ืืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืงื ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื• ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื•, ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื˜ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื‘, ื’. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื•). ื•ืื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืงื ื— ืืช ืืคื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžื ื•ืžืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœืคื”ืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” - ื™ื ื™ื— ื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื•. ืฉืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืœื ืžื ื•ืžืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื–, ื-ื‘).

ื’ - ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ืงื•ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื“, ื).
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื“ื“ ืขืฆืžื ืฉืžืืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื”, ื™ืฆื“ื“ื• ืขืฆืžื ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืืœื”.
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืคื ื• ื’ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืืžื ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ืžื—ืžืช ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื• ืื•ื ืก ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืฆื“, ื˜). ื•ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืฆื“, ื™).
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื“, ื’). ื•ืืฃ ืื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉื˜ืขื”, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. 2

ื“ - ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช
ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืจืฉืื™ ืื“ื ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืื• ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืจืืฉื• ื•ืขื“ ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื™ืจืื” ื•ืœืื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ืžืš ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืื™ืžื”. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืชืฉื•ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืžืขื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื ืชื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคืชืื•ื ื”ืžืฉืขื ืช, ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืื™ืžื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื“, ื—; ืž"ื‘ ื›ื‘).
ื™ืฆืžื™ื“ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืจืื• ื›ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื” ืื—ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื ืœืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืื ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืคื™ืกื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืืกื™ืคืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื’ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืืœื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืœืžื“ื• ื–ืืช ืžื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื, ื–): "ื•ึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืจึถื’ึถืœ ื™ึฐืฉืึธืจึธื”", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™, ื‘; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืค"ื ื”"ื; ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•').
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืจืื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื›ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ื•ืœื ื›ืื•ืชื ืฉืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื”, ื, ืชืจ"ื™). ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืคืกื•ืงื•ืช - ื™ืฆื (ืž"ื‘ ื, ื›ื”"ื— ื‘).
ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื•ืื ื’ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”. ื•ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ืชื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืชื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื“, ื˜). ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”, ื™ืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœืขืžื•ื“ - ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืฆื“, ื›ื–, ื›ื”"ื— ืœื“).
ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื›ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื™ืกื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืขื˜ ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื–).

ื” - ืชื ื•ื—ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื“ืจืš ืขื ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืฉืžื™ื (ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืงื”, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืฆื”, ื‘).
ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• (ืž"ื‘ ืฆื”, ื”; ื›ื”"ื— ื˜-ื™; ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืื•"ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืืž"ืจ).
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื“), ืฉื™ื ื™ื— ื™ื“ื™ื• ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ื• ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืคื•ืชื•ืช, ื™ื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืขื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื•, ื‘ืื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ืจืื”. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืฆื”, ื’), ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจ"ื™ (ื›ื”"ื— ืฆื”, ื™ื‘). ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืื—ืจืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื“ื•ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ื’ื‘ื, ืœืจืžื•ื– ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• (ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืื‘ื•ื”ื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘"ื™, ืž"ื‘ ืฆื”, ื•). ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ืจืš ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ, ืื• ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจ, ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื•ืžื“ ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื, ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืขื ืข ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื (ืื•"ื— ืžื—, ืž"ื‘ ืฆื”, ื–) ืฉื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืขื“ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื”, ื™): "ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึทื™ ืชึผึนืืžึทืจึฐื ึธื” ื”' ืžึดื™ ื›ึธืžื•ึนืšึธ". ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื”ืคืš, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข, ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื“ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื™ื’ืจืฉื ื• ืžื™ื“ ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื›ืœืœ, ืจืง ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื ืขื•ืช (ืฉืœ"ื” ืžืกื›ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื” ืœืกืžื•ืš, ื™ื ื”ื’ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืชื ื•ืขืข (ืž"ื, ืž"ื‘ ืžื—, ื”; ื•ืขื™' ื›ื”"ื— ืžื—, ื–-ื˜).

ื• - ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื”, ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืคืกืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ (ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื’). ื•ืื ื‘ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจืช ืื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื”, ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืจืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžืชื’ืื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืขืฆืžื• ืฆื“ื™ืง ืžืื—ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืข (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื’, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื‘). 3
ื™ื›ืจืข ื›ืฉื™ืืžืจ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื”", ื•ื™ื–ืงื•ืฃ ื›ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื”'. ื•ื‘ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ื•ืจืข ื›ืฉื™ืืžืจ "ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš", ื•ืžื–ื“ืงืฃ ื›ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื”' (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื’, ื–; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื‘. ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื’).
ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืงืงื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื“ืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ื™ื‘ืœื˜ื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•. ื•ื™ื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ื’ื‘ื• ืขื“ ืฉืคื ื™ื• ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžื•ืชื ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืขื“ ื—ื’ื•ืจืชื•, ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ื™ื•ื”ืจื. ื•ื–ืงืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ, ื™ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื›ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื’, ื”). ื•ื™ื›ืจืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืชื• ืœื›ืจื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื–ื“ืงืฃ - ื™ื–ื“ืงืฃ ืœืื˜, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื›ืจื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื’, ื•).
ืฉื ื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื”: ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ "ื‘ืจื•ืš" ื™ื›ืจืข ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืืžืจ "ืืชื”" ื™ืฉื—ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืงืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ื•ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื', ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” "ื‘ืจื•ืš", ื™ืฉื—ื” ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื ืœื›ื•ืคืฃ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืงื™ื’, ื™ื‘; ื•ืขื™' ืงืฆื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื—, ื).
ื•ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• (ื‘ืœื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ื•) ื•ืื—"ื› ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื“ืงืฃ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื–ืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืื—"ื› ืืช ืจืืฉื• (ื›ื”"ื— ืงื™ื’, ื›ื).

ื– - ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื—ืฉ
ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชืคืœืœื” ื—ื ื”, ืฉืขืžื“ื” ื•ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื”' ืฉื™ืคืงื“ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื” ื•ื–ื›ืชื” ื•ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื” ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื” (ืฉืžื•"ื ื, ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐื—ึทื ึผึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื”ึผ, ืจึทืง ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื ึผึธืขื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืžึตืขึท", ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื”ึผ - ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืชืคืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื•, ืจึทืง ืฉื‚ึฐืคึธืชึถื™ื”ึธ ื ึผึธืขื•ึนืช - ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื™ื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื•, ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืœึธื”ึผ ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึผืึธืžึตืขึท - ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื, ื).
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืœื‘ื˜ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฉืคื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื.
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ืกืงื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืœืื•ื–ื ื•, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจืง ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื ื™ื• ืฉืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื•ื”ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื”-ื•). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื•ื–ื ื• ืœื ื™ืฉืžื™ืข ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืืช ืงื•ืœื•, ืืœื ืจืง ื™ื—ืชืš ืืช ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื• (ื›ื”"ื— ืงื, ื—). ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื ื”ื’ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื‘). ื•ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช (ืž"ื‘ ืงื, ื—). 4
ื‘ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื›ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ืœืื•ื–ื ื•. ื•ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืืฃ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืกื, ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ื 'ืืžืŸ' ื•"ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•" ื‘ืงื•ืœ. ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื•, ื).

ื— - ื‘ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ
ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื‘, ื), ืื•ืœื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื” ื ื‘ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื˜ื•, ื˜, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข).
ื•ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ืจืง ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื, ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ; ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช. ืื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืืจืžื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื“, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื™"ื ื‘ืชืจื, ืž"ื‘ ื™ื—).
ืขื•ื“ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื” ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•. ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ืฉืจืง ื”ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื”, ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• (ืž"ื‘ ืงื, ื™ื“; ืงื›ื“, ื‘. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื, ื™).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืขื™' ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื, ื“, ื›ื”"ื— ื˜ื–).
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื”, ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื”. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื˜ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื™ื, ืฉืชืจื’ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคืชื—ื• ืœื”ื ืคืชื— ืจื—ื‘ ืœืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ืœืœื•ืช (ื—ืช"ืก ืื•"ื— ืคื“, ืคื•; ืž"ื‘ ืงื, ื™ื’; ื•ื‘ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื, ื˜, ืื•ืกืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœืขื–).

ื˜ - ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืื ืขืœื• ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื™ืกืœืงื ืžื“ืขืชื• ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ืืฃ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื™ืชืืžืฅ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื', ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชืŸ ื•ืกื•ืคืŸ. ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. 5
ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช', ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' ืžืขื›ื‘ืช. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื ื—ืœืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘'ืื‘ื•ืช' ื•ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื (ืจืž"ื ืงื, ื, ื›ื”"ื— ื“).
ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' ื•ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”' ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืชื”, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืž"ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื, ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื—"ื). ื•ืื ืืžืจ ืฉื ื”', ื™ื—ืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช', ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ "ืืชื” ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" - ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื'. 6

ื™ - ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”
ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื: ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื”. ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืžืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ื— ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืขื‘ื“ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืจืก ืžืจื‘ื• ื•ื ืคื˜ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื• (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“, ื).
ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื; ื•ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื“, ื, ื‘ื”ืœ' ืคืกื•ื“"ื–). ื‘ืœื ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืชื“ืžื” ืœืคื•ืœื—ื ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื ืœืชืžืจืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื’ื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืขืœืชื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•, ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื-ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื, ืžื›ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื, ื”ื-ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœื™ื ื•.
ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ, ืืœื ืขื™ืงืจืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืคืจื ืกื” ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื: ื—ื›ืžื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืจืคื•ืื”, ืคืจื ืกื”, ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื›ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืื ื• ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”' ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ื•ืขื™ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช.
ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืฉืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื, ืขืงื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื” ืœืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœืฉื™ื ื™ื. 7

ื™ื - ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืœืœื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื›ืžืชื ื•ื‘ืจื•ื— ืงื•ื“ืฉื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื“ืงื“ืงื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื ื•ืกื— ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืคืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืื“ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช - ืจืฉืื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”', ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ืื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื‘, ื; ืงื™ื˜, ื).
ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืจืคืื ื•. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจื ืกื”, ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ืื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื• ื™ืขืœื” ืœืืจืฅ, ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื›ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืฉืœื•, ื™ืคืชื— ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ืืœื ืฉืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื›ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื“ื‘ื• ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉื ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ืืžืจ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ื•ื›ื•', ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืื—"ื› ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืคืกืข ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื™ื˜, ื‘, ืž"ื‘ ืงื™ื˜, ื™ื‘).
ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืžื•. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื• ื•ื‘ืฉื ืื™ืžื• ืื• ืื‘ื™ื•. ืืžื ื ืื ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืœื™ื“ื•, ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื™ื˜, ื‘).

ื™ื‘ - ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ ืคื™ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื™ ืœืคื ื™ืš ื”' ืฆื•ืจื™ ื•ื’ื•ืืœื™" ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืื ืฉืžืข ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคืกื•ืง, ืœื ื™ืขื ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืงื›ื‘, ื).
ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช "ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืฆื•ืจ" ื•ืขื“ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื™ืฉ, ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื‘ืจื›ื• ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ืกื™ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื; ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื˜ื–, ื”).
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืืจื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื, ื). 8
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื•ื‘ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ", ื•ื™ืคืกืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื•, ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื™ืขื ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•". ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืืฉืจื™' ื•'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—', ืื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›).

ื™ื’ - ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•
ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื™ื›ืจืข ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืงืงื• ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื“ืจืชื•, ื•ื™ืคืกืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื›ืจื™ืขื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื›ื•ืจืข ื™ืคื ื” ืœืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื•", ื•ื™ืคื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื ื•", ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืžืจื• ืืžืŸ", ื•ื™ื–ื“ืงืฃ. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืื—"ื› "ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ" ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื• ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืž"ื ืงื›ื’, ื).
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช "ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื", ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืฉืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ (ื™ื•ืžื ื ื’, ื‘). ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืœื ื ืคืจื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ื›ืฉื™ืคืกืข, ื™ืขืงื•ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ื—ืœืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืจืื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืคืกื™ืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืฃ ื”ืจื’ืœ, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืขืงื‘ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช: ื™ืคืกืข ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืคืกื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืจื’ืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ืื—"ื› ื™ืคืกืข ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจื’ืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ. ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืคืกืข ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืฉืžืืœ ืคืกื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ "ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื".
ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืขืงื‘ ืœืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืกื™ืขื” (ืž"ื). ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื™ืคืกืข ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืกื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืœ (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืงื›ื’, ื”). ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื•, ื™ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš (ื‘"ื—, ื•ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื’, ื™ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืคืกืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ื™ื•ื”ืจื (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื’, ื“). 9 ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคืกื•ืข ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืžืœืš (ืจืž"ื ืงื›ื’, ื’, ื•ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื–).

ื™ื“ - ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžืงื•ื
ืื—ืจ ืฉืคืกืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื•. ื•ืื ื—ื–ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืœื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืงื™ืื• (ื™ื•ืžื ื ื’, ื). ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคืจื“ ืžืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ื‘ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืืคืก ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืžืจืื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ ืžืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ืžื’ื•ื ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื.
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœื• ืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื’, ื‘). ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ "ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื" (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื’, ื•, ื‘ืื•"ื” ื•ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืฉื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• (ืงืฆื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื—, ื™ื’. ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืงื›ื’, ื™ื, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช).
ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœื• ืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืงื”. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื’, ื™ื; ื›ื”"ื— ื›). ื•ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœื• ืคืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ (ืจืž"ื ืงื›ื’, ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื’, ื™ื).
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื• ืคื•ืกืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ "ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื’, ื”). ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ, ืืฉืจื™ ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืื—ืจ 'ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ'. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื’, ื™ื—).




^ 1.. ื’ื ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื”, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ืฉ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื™ื, ื™; ื›ื”"ื— ื™).
ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ "ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”' ืืงืจื" ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืื ืฉื›ื— ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ "ื”' ืฉืคืชื™", ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”' ืืงืจื", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื”' ืฉืคืชื™ ืชืคืชื—" ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”. (ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืืฉ"ื™ ื›ื’, ื”ืขืจื” ืกื‘). ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื™ื, ื‘, 'ื—ื•ื–ืจ', ืฉืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืคืกื•ืง "ื”' ืฉืคืชื™ ืชืคืชื—" - ื™ืฆื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. (ื•ื‘ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื” ื›ื“, ื—, ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ).
^ 2.. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืฆื“, ื™, ื”ื˜ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื› ื•ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื•ื– ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ืœื‘ื"ื— ื™ืชืจื• ื, ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื›"ื , ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื™ืคื ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื–, ืฉื™"ื ืฉืื ื˜ืขื” ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืคื ื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
^ 3.. ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“, ื‘, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื”ื›ื•ืจืข ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉื‘ื”ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘'ื•ื›ืœ ืงื•ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ืš ืชืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื”', ื•ืชืจ"ื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘'ืœืš ืœื‘ื“ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื' ืฉื‘ื ืฉืžืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืงื™ื’, ื’. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื‘'ื‘ืจื›ื•' ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื. ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื•. ืื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื–ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืข ื‘'ื‘ืจื›ื•'. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื—"ื‘ ื”, ื™ื’, ื•ื‘ืฉืืจื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืงื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืกืคืจื“ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ืจืข ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื”ื•ื“ืื”' ืžืจืื” ืฉื˜ืขื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืชื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื”, ืื–ื™ ืื ื›ื•ืจืข ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืคื’ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘'ื‘ืจื›ื•'. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืงื™ื’, ื’, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืกืžืš ืœื–ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืจืขื• ืžืขื˜ ื‘'ื‘ืจื›ื•', ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืื”, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืจื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื•ืงืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื“ืจื”.
^ 4.. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืงื•ืœื• ืžืขื˜, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื™ืคืจื™ืข ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉื›ื ื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื’). ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ืฉืงืจ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื“, ื‘), ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“-ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืืœื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืžืขื.
^ 5.. ืฉื•"ืข ืงื, ื, ื•ืž"ื‘ ื-ื’. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช' - ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ. ืืžื ื ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืฉืื“ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช', ืœื ืฉื›ื™ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘'ืื‘ื•ืช'. ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ืื'. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘'ืื‘ื•ืช', ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ืง"ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. (ื•ืฉืœื ื›'ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื™ื, ื•, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืื‘ื•ืช').
^ 6.. ื‘ืืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ื™ื–, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืงื, ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื—ืกื“ ืœืืœืคื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื™ื“, ืžืฉื"ื› ืžื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ืฉื ื‘ืงื™ืฅ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื’ ื˜, ื’. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืชื ื” ืฉืื ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื›ืš ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ื“ื‘ื”.
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืงื, ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื—"ื, ืฉืื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื”, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื ื' ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ื™ืฆื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื–ืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืงืคืงื• ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืฆื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืฆื ื‘ืืžื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช. (ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื). ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื (ืื•"ื— ื’, ื™) ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื', ื›ื™ ื™"ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘'ืื‘ื•ืช' ืื• ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื'.
^ 7.. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฉืชืจืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืงื™ืจืช ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื”, ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉืชืชื›ืœื” ื”ืจืฉืขื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื•ืจืš, ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื—"ื ืขืž' 261).
^ 8.. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืชื• ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ", ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื‘, ื’, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ "ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ' ืœื‘, ื™ื˜.
^ 9.. ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืจื’ืœ ื™ืคืกืข ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื’, ื’, ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ืฉื‘ืฉืžืืœ. ื•ืืžื ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ื˜ืจ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื’ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื’ื ืื™ื˜ืจ ื™ืคืกืข ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžืืœ. ื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ืžื ื•ื— ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืคืกืข ืฉืฉ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ืฆืžื“ ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืคืกื™ืขื” ืื—ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ'. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื™ื’, ื•ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื“.
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