ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
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4 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื™ื
ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™* ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึถื—ึณืœึธื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืกึดื™ื ื”ึตืŸ ื—ึทื ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ืงึทืจ, ืœึนื ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง* ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืœึธื—ึณืœึธืึดื™ื ืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื™ึตืฉื ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืก ื—ึทื ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืก ืงึทืจ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึทืกึผึทื ื”ึทื—ึทื ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึทืจ ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึณืœึธื™ึดื™ื ื”ึถืคึฐื›ึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึถืคึฐื›ึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน: "ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ื™ื’], ื•ึฐืึธืกึธืฃ ืึธืžึทืจ: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึธืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืขึฒื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื˜, ื—], ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึฐื›ึดื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื›ึฐื—ึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” [ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืฆื‘:] ืฉืึถืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”], ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื”ึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืงื•ึนื ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ* ื”ึดื™ื* ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื, ื•ึฐืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื”ึธืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืœึธืึธื“ื•ึนืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท* ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืฉืึฐื‘ึธื—ึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ื•ึผืžึทื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื ืžึตืึดืชึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืฆึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžื•ึนื“ึถื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืขื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึฐืกื•ึนืžึตืšึฐ ืžึดื‘ึผึทืœึฐืขึธื“ึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐื–ื•ึน ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืึตืœึธื™ื•.

ืชื•ืขืœืช "ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ื"
ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึผึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื›ึผื•ึนืœึฐืœึดื™ื ืžึปืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ, ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื‘, ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช: "ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึตื™ืžึถื™ืšึธ" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”], ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ืœึธืจึธืขึธื‘ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ "ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดื™ืจื•ึนืชึดื™ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”, ื•ึฐ"ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึผึตืœึธื” ื•ึทืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื ึผึธื”, ื•ึฐ"ืึถืช ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธืจ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืžึทืœึผึตื" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื’ึถืœ*, "ืึถืช ืึตื™ืžึธืชึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ืขึดื ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื”ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดืจึฐืึถื” ืžึดืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ืฉืึดื“ึผึธืคื•ึนืŸ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึตืจึธืงื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึถื’ึทืข ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื”" [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ืœื–]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฆึตืœ ืžึดืฆึผึธืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึตื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช, ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐืขึธืงื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึทืขึทืœ ืฉืึทื•ึฐืขึธืชึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื›ื’], "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื ึทืึฒืงึธืชึธื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื›ื“], ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื“ึผึธื ึดื™ึผึตืืœ ื•ึฐืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืขึธืœื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช.

ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึผืึดื™ื ื•ึผืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืึธืžึทืจ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืžึตืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ" ื•ื’ื•' [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ืžื-ืžื’]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึดืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทืึฒืžึธืจ ืžึตืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื”:
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ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™ โ€“ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”. ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง โ€“ ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ โ€“ ืืœื. ื”ึดื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท โ€“ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื’ึถืœ โ€“ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœึดื‘ื ื•. ืœืขึดืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืžื—ืœ ื•ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื ื• ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขึดืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”'. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ โ€“ ืื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืงืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืžื›ืš ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืืš ืื ื™ืฉื™ื ืœึดื‘ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืงืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืืœื™ื•, ืื• ืื– ื™ืคื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืืœ: ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™? ื›ืขืช ื”ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”'. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
"ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึตื™ืžึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดืจึนืชึดื™ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ: ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึผึตืœึธื” ื•ึทืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ ืึถืช ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึทืจ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืžึทืœึผึตื". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื ืกื”, ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื.
ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”'? ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”' ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื ื•. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”', ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ื“. ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื: "ืขืœ ื ื™ืกืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขืžื ื•", ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืžืœื ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืœึดื‘ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ.
"ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”". ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืœื‘, ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจื™ื ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื ืฆื— ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช: ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืจืคืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช
ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื‘. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” "ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื™" [ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ื‘, ื›ื“], ืืœื 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘'. ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช [ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆื˜], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” , ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”: "ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื™ืจ ืžืœื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืคืš ืžืขืœ ื ืฉืžืชืš . ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื" [ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘:].
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื•ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืžื”ืœื‘. ืื“ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืชืขืœื” ืžืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื•.
ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืœื ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืžื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื [ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™ื‘.]. ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” [ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืจื™].
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืช ืœืงื‘ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
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    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื›ื• - ื—ืœืง ื”'

    ื™"ื“ ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–

    ื™"ื“ ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–
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    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืจื›ื• - ื—ืœืง ื•'

    ื˜"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–

    ื˜"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื–
  • undefined
    ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื”

    ืžืกื›ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืคืจืง ื’ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘,ื’

    ื– ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื
ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ืชื ื•

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืœืœื™

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•" ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื” ืขืœ ื ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื” ืœื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ. ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”"ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš" ื•ื”"ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื", ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื, ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ืื•ื ืก ื ืขืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ "ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฉื•"ืช "ื‘ืžืจืื” ื”ื‘ื–ืง"

    ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืฆืืช-ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืงืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื

    ืžื” ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืช? ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”? ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื’ืœ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    5 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื—ื•ืงืช - ืžื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”

    ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    47 ื“ืง'
    ื ื“ืจื™ื

    ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘"ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจ ?

    ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•.

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ืชื— ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื˜"ื•) ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืœ" ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื”ื ื™ืช ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœืจ), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื”ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืžื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื‘ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื• ืœื ื™ืชื—ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’ | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ืงื•ืจื— - ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืงื•ืจื—, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื ื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ | ื›"ื— ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    37 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”

    ืคืกืงื” ืœ' - ืœ"ื

    ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” | ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช | ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืื™ืคื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ | ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ | ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช |ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืช ืœืœืื•ื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื”

    ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘

    ื”ืจื—ื‘ื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘''ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘''ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื”''ื‘. ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ | ื›"ื˜ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค''ื•
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    1:02
    ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฆืžืš ื›ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื

    ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืชืคื“ื” - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”

    ืžืฉื ื” ืื‘ื•ืช | ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ | ืžืชืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ ืœื• ืœื | ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ | ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื‘ื™ื“ื” | ืžืฆื™ืœ ืขืฉื•ืง ืžื™ื“ ืขืฉืงื• | ืคืชื— ืคื™ืš ืœืื™ืœื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    38 ื“ืง'
    ืžืœื›ื™ื - ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™

    ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘' ืคืจืง ื›"ื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›"ื‘ - ืœ'

    ืœืžื” ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื›ื™ืŸ? ื•ืžื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื™ืงื? ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ - ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื• ืžืชืžืงื“ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื? ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    42 ื“ืง'
    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื

    ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื' , ืœ"ื— - ืœ"ื˜

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื’ืœืžืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื”. ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื—ืžื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื•ืœื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื›"ื– ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืคืœื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืชืชื’ืœื” ืข"ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ืœื‘ ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช- ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ืคืœื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื›"ื“ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il