ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
  • ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืžืืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื‘ืคืจืง ืงื™ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื–"ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ:
ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืœึทืื“ึนื ึดื™ ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืึธืฉืึดื™ืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึถื™ืšึธ: ืžึทื˜ึผึตื” ืขึปื–ึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื”' ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืจึฐื“ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ: ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึตื™ืœึถืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื“ึฐืจึตื™ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืžึตืจึถื—ึถื ืžึดืฉืึฐื—ึธืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื˜ึทืœ ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึปืชึถื™ืšึธ: ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื”' ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง: ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืžึดื™ื ึฐืšึธ ืžึธื—ึทืฅ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืึทืคึผื•ึน ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื: ื™ึธื“ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืžึธืœึตื ื’ึฐื•ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ืžึธื—ึทืฅ ืจึนืืฉื ืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึทื‘ึผึธื”: ืžึดื ึผึทื—ึทืœ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืจึนืืฉื:

ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžืขืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ. ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื” 'ืžืœื›ื™ ืฆื“ืง' ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืœื—ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื•. ืืœื ืฉืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืงืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื›ื ื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื 'ืฆื™ื•ืŸ', ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“. ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื›ืš ื‘ื—ืจ ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืฉืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš.

ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• "ืœื“ื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ" ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืขืฆืžื•. ืืœื ืฉื“ื•ื“ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ 'ืฆื™ื•ืŸ' ืฉืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื 'ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื'.
ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื 1 ืœืคืจืง ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ, ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ. ื•ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.

ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”
ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืžืจืžื– ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึทืื“ึนื ึดื™" ืžืจืžื–ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื’, ื”-ื•): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึตืช ืึถืช ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืœื•ึน: ืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตื ื•ึผ ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™ ื ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ืงึฐื‘ึธืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืงึฐื‘ึนืจ ืึถืช ืžึตืชึถืšึธ". ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ืœืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืชืจื’ื•ื. ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช:
"ืืžืจ ื”' ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ (="ืœึทืื“ึนื ึดื™"), ื›ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœ 'ื™ืžื™ื ื™' (=ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™"), ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: ื”ืžืชืŸ (="ืฉืึตื‘") ืขื“ ืฉืืชืŸ ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ืš".


ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื ื•, ืฉื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช, ื’ื ื“ื•ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™". ื•ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืจืžื– ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื•ื™ื“ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ (="ืžึดื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึน ืึตืฉื ื“ึผึธืช ืœึธืžื•ึน", ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’,ื‘). ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ (ื—, ื˜ื•): "ื‘ึผึดื™ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ื™ึดืžึฐืœึนื›ื•ึผ", ื•ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื—ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืœืš ("ืึฒื“ึนื ึดื™"), ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• "ื ึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึดื™ื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

ืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืืœื• ืคื™ืจืฉ ื’ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื:
"ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ - ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื™. ื•ื˜ืขื ืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ - ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื ืชืฆื ืขืžื ื• ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื™ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืชืœื—ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืš".

ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ: "ืžึทื˜ึผึตื” ืขึปื–ึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื”' ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืจึฐื“ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืจึถื‘ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื: "ืœื ืชื ืฆื—ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ืš ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื›ื— ื”' ื”ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ืขืชื” ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ".

ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึตื™ืœึถืšึธ
ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: "ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึตื™ืœึถืšึธ" ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืžื– ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”, ื˜): "ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ืœึฐื—ื•ึนืงึฐืงึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐื ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืขึธื ื‘ึผึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื”' ". ืจืœื‘"ื’ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ื‘ืคืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื›ืืŸ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืขื ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ. ื•ื‘ืคืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืฉื ืœืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื›ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื•ื“. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื“ื•ื™ื“.
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื—ึตื™ืœึถืšึธ" ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืชืจื’ื ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืื•ืชื ืฉื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.

ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง
ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื "ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื”' ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง" ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขืœ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื•ื™ื“. ื•ืืžื ื ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื“ื•ื™ื“ ื™ืชืžื ื” ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• 'ืžืœืš ืฆื“ื™ืง'.
ืืžื ื, ืžืกื•ืจืช ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื‘ืืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœื™ืคื• ืฉืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืžืœืš ืฉืœื. ืžืกื•ืจืช ื–ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื“) ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฆืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืžืžืจื—ืงื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืฆื— ืื•ืชื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืžืœืš ืฉืœื, ื•ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื™ืฆื ืœืงืจืืชื• ื•ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืชืŸ ืœืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืžืขืฉืจ ืžืฉืœืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ (ืœื‘,ื‘):
"ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ: ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžึดืฉึผึตื (ืฉึตื ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ื—), ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืึตืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ', ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžืื‘ืจื”ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ืœึฐืึตืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืงึนื ึตื” ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ื•ึผื‘ึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึตืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึดื’ึผึตืŸ ืฆึธืจึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ'. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื: ื•ื›ื™ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืขื‘ื“ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ืงื•ื ื•? ืžื™ื“ ื ืชื ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: '[ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ] ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืœึทืื“ึนื ึดื™ ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืึธืฉืึดื™ืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึถื™ืšึธ'. ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ: 'ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื”' ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง'. ื•ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘: 'ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืึตืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ', 'ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ' โ€“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ืจืขื• (ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืฆื“ืง = ืฉึตื) ื›ื”ืŸ."

ืžืกื•ืจืช ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ืคืจืง ื™ื) ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœืฉืœืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื” ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉึตื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื ืœืงื—ื” ืžืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉึตื. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื, ืืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ื•ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ื”. ื›ืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื–ืจืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉึตื. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื›ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉึตื?

ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ
ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืœื ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืžึดืฉึผึตื. ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉืžืกืžืœ ืฉึตื ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืžื” ืฉืžืกืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื•ื”ืกืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืกืžืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉึตื. ื•ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืกืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉึตื.
ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืึตื ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ื— ืฉื”ื™ื” "ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืึต-ืœ ืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ" ื”ื™ื” ืœืœืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื "ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง". ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืขึตื‘ึถืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ ืขืžื• ืชื•ืจื” ื‘'ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ืขื‘ืจ' ืฉื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 2 . ืืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืฆืืฆืื™ ืฉึตื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ึถืคึถืช. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืจืฆื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืึตื, ื•ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืจืžื– ืœื›ืš (ืจืื• ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื•).

ืžื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™ ืžืฉืœื•; ื•ืืฃ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžืฉืœื•. ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืฉืžื— ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื•. ืืš ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื - ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืกืžืœื™. ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื ืคืœ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ; ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึดื™-ืฆึถื“ึถืง ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” 'ื›ื”ืŸ'. ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช 'ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื' ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ. ืžืžืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืฆื“ืง ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
'ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื' ื–ื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื–ื“ืงืง ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ืฉื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื’ื™ื™ืก ืœืขื–ืจืชื• ื’ื ืืช ืขื ืจ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžืžืจื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื’ื ืฆื‘ื ื—ื–ืง ืžืฉืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•.

ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืจืžื– ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื”. ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื ืœื—ื ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”' (ืจืื• ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ื,ื“) ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ื 'ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ' ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” "ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื" ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ืช ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื›ื•ื— ืขืžืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™
ื•ืืžื ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื• ื“ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืฉื™ืœื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื”ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ืืš ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘'ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื—ืช', ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืืœื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื•ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ: "ืฉืึตื‘ ืœึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืขึทื“ ืึธืฉืึดื™ืช ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึฒื“ึนื ืœึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึถื™ืšึธ", ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื• ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื•ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ื•ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืœ), ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”' ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช.
ื‘ืขื–"ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื ื ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ืขืœื™ื•.




^ 1.ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“ืฃ ื›ื,ื‘): "ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืฉืื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื ืขืฉื”".
^ 2.ืจืื• ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืกื’,ื•.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il