ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื
  • ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืื“ื ืงื™ื“ืฉ ืืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืžืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ืฉื” ืืš ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืžื™ื“ ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืืฉื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ืžื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉ"ืืชื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ", ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื’ื ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืœืง ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ืชืŸ ืœื” ืžืขื•ืช ื•ื ืชื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืขืฉื” 1 . ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ?
ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืœื’ืžืจื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืš ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืฉืžืงื“ืฉื” ืœืืœืชืจ ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืื“ื ืืžืจ ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืœื ื—ืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื–ื”. ืื“ื ืฉืฉืœื— ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืชืจื•ื ืžืฉื“ื”ื• ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืชืจื•ื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื—ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืื“ื ืฉืœื— ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื’ืจืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื•ืจืฉืช. ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืจืžื– ืชืงืœื•) ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื’ืžืจื”. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืœืช ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืœื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืื“ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—.
ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื. ื”ื’ื“ืจื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืœื ื—ืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื ื—ืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื‘ืฆืข, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉืžืขืชื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืฉืœื™ื— (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืžืขืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžืื•ืจืกืช), ืืœื ื–ื• ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœ.
ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช) ื”ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื˜ ืœืฉืžื”, ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืžืชืจืฆื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ ื”ืืฉื” ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ืžืจ ืžืขืฉื”. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืœืœื•, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื•, ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœืืฉื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื—ืœื•ืง ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ืฉืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.

ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช
ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— (ื–ื›ื™ื” ื•ืžืชื ื” ื™ื‘, ื˜ื• "ืืš ื“ื ืžืกืชืคืงื ื") ืžืกืชืคืง ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื™ืœ ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื—ื•ืœ ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืฉื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื˜ื”. ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงื›ื– ืข"ื‘ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื—ืœ. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ "ื™ื›ื™ืจ", ืฉื”ืื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ื”ื• ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื‘ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื•ืžืชืจืฆืช ืฉื ืฆืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืกืก, ืฉืื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœื”ืงื ื•ืชื. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืคื•ื™, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืื”. ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื (ื–ื›ื™ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื˜ื•) ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ืคืš ืžื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงืœื– ืข"ื. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉื ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืฉืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืืžื™ืจืชื• ืฉืžืชื ืช ืฉื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจืข ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืชืชื• ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชืชื•, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืช ืชื”ื ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžืฉื ื” "ื–ื” ื’ื™ื˜ืš ืื ืžืชื™ โ€“ ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื" ื•ืื ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ืชื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื˜. ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืชืชื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืกืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื˜ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืคื•ื™, ื•ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืชื•ืœื” ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช, ืืš ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืงื›ื– ืข"ื‘, ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื‘ื“ืฃ ืงืœื– ืข"ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืชื“ืจ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ืื ืื‘ื™ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืชื ื” ื—ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืชืชื• ืœื ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื’ื˜ ืœื ื—ืœ.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— ืฉืชืœื” ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืœื™ื™ื”, ืฉืื ืื“ื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉืคื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื•, ืืš ืื ืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœืžื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ.
ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ืชื™, ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืœ' ื™ื•ื. ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ื— ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืข ื›ืขืช ืืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืชื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืชืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื—. ืœืคื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืคื•ื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื ืื”.

ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื“ื ืฉืฉืœื— ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืชืช ื’ื˜ ืœืืฉืชื• ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื™ืจืฉื” ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื˜ืœ. ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”. ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืื–ื ื™ ื”ืืฉื”, ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืช ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ืชืฉืžืข ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื ืœืื—ืจ ื•ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช. ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื›ืš ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•? ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื“"ื” ื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ) ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืš ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—. ื•ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื“"ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ) ืžืชืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืืžื ื ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืš ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืฉื ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื“ืฃ ืœื’ ืข"ื (ื“"ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืกื‘ืจ) ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื”.
ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ (ื“"ื” ื‘ื"ื“ ืž"ืž) ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืฉืืœืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื™ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื“ืฃ ืœื’ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื”. ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืœื›ืœืœ "ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื" ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœืฆื•ืจื›ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื—ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉืจืง ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืžื” ืื™ืจืข. ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ "ืื™ื ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ" ืืœื "ืจืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืกื™ืœื•ืง ื›ื— ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื’ื˜, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื“ืขืช ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื’, ื˜ื•) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืง ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ื˜ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื’ื™ื˜ื• ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืขืœื™ื•. ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ื˜ ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื“ื™ื ืืœื ืฉื”ื’ื˜ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื“ื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ ืข"ื‘ 'ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื˜') ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืจื•ื•ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืืฉื” ื ืืกืจืช ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื. ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื“ืขืช ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื“ื™ ื—ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ื–ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื "ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืขืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืงื™ืจืช ื›ื—" ืืœื ืขืฆื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™' ื™ื), ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ "ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืœื•ืช". ื”ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื›ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื• ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื’ื˜ ื”ื’ื˜ ื‘ื˜ืœ. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจืช ื ื“ืจื™ ืืฉืชื•, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืฉื ื“ืจื™ ืืฉืชื• ื—ืœื™ื ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื.
ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืžื”ืชื ืกื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžื— ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืฉื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ืขืชื•. ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืžื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื•ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืง ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื•.
ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื“ ืข"ื ื“"ื” ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ) ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืชืจืฅ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง ืฉื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื. ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœืชืจืฅ, ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข ืื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื
ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืคืจืข ืื• ืจืง ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืชืž-ืชืžื) ืชื•ืœื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื›ืœืœ ืœื”) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืืฉื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžื•ืžื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืชื ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืชื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื•ืžื™ื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืืš ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืขืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ. ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื›ืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืžืคืจืข ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื ืื™ ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื• ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™' ืคื“) ื“ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืœื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื˜ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืง ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื, ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคืกืงื”, ืืš ืื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืคืจืข, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื•ืื– ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืคืกืงื” ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืขืช.
ื”ื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืื‘ (ืื”"ืข ืกื™' ื›ื) ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืš. ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื˜ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื’ื˜ ืœืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ. ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืš, ืœื ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ื’ื˜ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื ืชื™ื ืชื• ื•ื›ืขืช ื›ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื˜ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื ืชื™ื ืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืคืจืข, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื“ืฉื•. ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื‘ืจืชื•, ื›ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื˜ ืœืžืคืจืข, ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ื— ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข ื•ืื– ื ืžืฆื ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื’ื˜.ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื—ืœื” ืœืžืคืจืข ืืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืืฃ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืจืง ืœื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื ืฉืžืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื’ื˜ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื—ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ื“ืฉื• ืžืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ.
ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืœื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืคืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื‘, ื›ื‘). ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ืงื ื™ ืืช ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ ืงื ื” ืžื—ืฆื”, ื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื "ืืช ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ" ืืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืง ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืงืฆืชื• ืœื ื—ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื’ ืข"ื ื ืคืกืงื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฉืจื” ืชื ื• ื’ื˜ ืœืืฉืชื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืงืฆืชื ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื™ืจื” ืื—ืช ื•ืื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืงืฆืชื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจืฅ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืœืžืคืจืข ืืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืืžื™ืจื”. ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข, ืืš ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืง ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื.
ื”ื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ืžื‘ื™ื ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืžืคืจืข ืื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื โ€“ ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื ื™ ืชื—ืชื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืœื— ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืžืคืจืข ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืขืงืจืช ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื”, ืืš ืื ื”ื™ื ื ืขืงืจืช ืจืง ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™.



^ 1.ืืžื ื ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื• ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ืกืจื˜ื™ืœ

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ื•ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”
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    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช

    ืกืคืง ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืจื•

    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื‘ ืข"ื

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื—
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    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ

    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ื›ื” ืข"ื‘

    ื’' ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
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    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช

    ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคื”

    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื‘ ืข"ื ื•ื“ืฃ ืžื—

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื—
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    ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš

    ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช

    ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช?

    ืชืฉืข"ื‘
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il