ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
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6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช, ืืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ื“ึฐื”ึทืจึฐืžึดื™ื•ึนืช. ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ื“ื”ืจืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืชืชึพื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช ื•ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉืฆืžื—ื• ืžืžื ื”: ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื, ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื ื•ืกื™ืงื”ื™ื–ื.

ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ
ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ื”ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฉืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืืกื•ืจื”.
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืื“ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืืœื™ื•. ืืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”' ื‘ืจื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืื• ืœื”ืจืข. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื’ื“ ืœื”ื ื•ืžืจืขื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืคืกืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžืงื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืฃ ืขื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ื’ื ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื.

ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื (807)
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
789 - ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช
790 - ื™ื—ืก ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื
791 - ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืื™ืจื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ื‘ึผื•ึผื“ึฐื”ึดื™ื–ึฐื
ื›ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื™ืฆืื” ืžืžื ื” ื”ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ืžื—ื•ืœืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืกึดื™ื“ึฐึผื”ึทืืจึฐื˜ึฐื”ึธื” ื’ึธืื•ึผื˜ึธืžึธื”, ื ืกื™ืš ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื™ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื” (ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช 479-563 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”). ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื”ืื™ืŸึพืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื, ื•ืžืžืขืžืงื™ ื ืคืฉื• ืขืœืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื’ืืœ ืžื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื•ื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืžื•ืŸ ื•ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืกื™ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ืœืžื“ ืืฆืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื ืฉืžืฉื ืชื, ืกื™ื’ื•ืคื™ื”ื ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ื•ื’ื” ืฉื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ.
ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ืš ื ืงืจื "ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”" - ื”ืžื•ืืจ. ื‘ื”ืืจืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉื•ืขืชื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ืฉืชื•ืงืง. ืœื ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื’ืคื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื”ื ืชื ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืฆืข, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื™ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื• ืœืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืœืžืื›ืœ ื•ืœืžืฉืงื”. ื’ื ืœื ื™ืชืื•ื•ื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ื”ื›ืจื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืœื ื™ื—ื™ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืš, ื›ืš ื™ืชืขืœื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื ึดื™ืจึฐื•ึธื ึธื” (ืฉืœื•ื•ื”) ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื™ื’ืืœ ืœื ืฆื—.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ืœื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช ืฉืžื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืœื”ืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืžื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจื™ืง ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜.
ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืฉื ืงืจื "ืึทื˜ึฐืžึธืŸ", ืขื“ ืœืžื™ื–ื•ื’ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืœืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืืœื ืจืง ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื”ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงืจื• ืœื• ืœื ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื• ืœืจืขื” ื•ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ืืœื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื• ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืื ื™, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืกื‘ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืกื‘ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ ื”ื ืืฉืœื™ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืืžืช, ืืœื ื–ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืŸ ืืฉืœื™ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืฉืื“ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื• ืกื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื•ื“ืขืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื’ื•ืื™ื–ื ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืžืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืื•ืฉืจ. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžื’ืžืชื ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช.

ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช
ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื ื“ืจื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ืช. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื, ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื“ื ื ืžื ืข ืžื ื™ืื•ืฃ, ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื–ื•ืœืช, ื ืžื ืข ืžืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืกืžื™ื, ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืจื—ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘.
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืชื ืขื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืคืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืชื— ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ืŸ. ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืžืจื•ื—ืง, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื•ื”. ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืื•ืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืœืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื’ื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื, ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืงืืจืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” (ื’ื•ืจืœ ื˜ื•ื‘), ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื.

ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื”ืงืกื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื
ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืงึทืกึฐื˜ื•ึนืช (ื•ึทืจึฐื ื•ึนืช), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื: ื) ื‘ึผึฐืจึทื”ึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ื - ืื ืฉื™ ื“ืช, ื‘) ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื, ื’) ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื“) ืžืฉืจืชื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืžื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื - ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื, ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืงืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ืงื• ืžื”ื, ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื ื•ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื•. ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ื”ื•ืคืงื“ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืžื—ืคื™ืจ.
ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช: ืœื™ื“ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ื“ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื”. ื›ืคื™ ื”ืงึทืืจึฐืžึธื” ืฉืœื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ืชืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื ืฉืžืชื• ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื‘ื. ืื ืงืœืงืœ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื’ืจื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืงืืจืžื” ืจืขื”, ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืงืกื˜ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืืฃ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆื•ืžื— ืื• ื“ื•ืžื. ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืืจืžื” ืฉืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืงืกื˜ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉ.
ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ืœืงืกื˜ื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ืขื ื’ื•ืจืœื•, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื
ื’ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืจืข, ืืœื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืงืกื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื” ืžื–ื™ืงื”, ืฉื›ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื• ืกื‘ืœ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœืจืข ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื.
ืื ื”ืื“ื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืจืข ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืงืฉื” ืื• ืืฃ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื™ืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืืจืžื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉืœื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืกึทืžึฐืกึธืจึธื” (ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช) ืฉืœ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—.
ืื’ื‘, ื’ื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื“ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื• ืžืžื–ืจ, ืื ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื” ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ (ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื’, ื—).

ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื›ื™ื•ื
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื (ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื), ืื•ืžื ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชื ืชืงื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื, ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืœื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขืฆื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื ืคืฉื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื™ื•.

ื”ืื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ื“ืช ื•ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืืœื™ืœื™ืช
ื›ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ืืœื ื‘ืกืœื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืกื‘ืœื• ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืฉืœื•ื•ื”, ื”ืืจื” ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืง. ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื“ืช ื‘ืœื ืืœ. ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื˜ืขื ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื, ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื“ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ื‘ืœื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’.
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ื’ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ืจื•ื‘ื ืกื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืคืกืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ืฉืชื—ื•ื• ืœื•, ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ืื•ืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ืืžื•ื ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืฆื—ื™, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.
ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืขืœื• ืžื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืืœื™ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคืกืœื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืœื ื›ื”ื‘ืขืช ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื•.

ื’ึท'ื™ึฐื ึดื™ื–ึฐื
ื’ึท'ื™ึฐื ึดื™ื–ึฐื ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ืกื“ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื. ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืื™ื–ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคืกืœื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื—, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื•. ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื’ื ืฉืœื ืœื“ืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ื—ืจืงื™ื. ืžืืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 4 ืœึพ12 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืจื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื ืžื ื™ื ืขื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื›ื›ืœืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.

ืกึดื™ืงึฐื”ึดื™ื–ึฐื
ืกึดื™ืงึฐื”ึดื™ื–ึฐื ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืคึผึทื ึฐื’ึท'ืื‘ึผ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื•ืชื—ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืงื”ื™ื–ื ื”ื•ื "ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš". ื”ืกื™ืงื™ื ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ึพ23 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.
ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ 'ื‘ืฉื‘ืข'



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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื ื”

    ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื’
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il