ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจื•ืช
  • ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื, ื”ึทืžึฐืกึปืคึผึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึทื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื, ืื•ึนืชึธื ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึฒืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”, โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื”ึตื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื™ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึดื™ื“ึดื™ื“ื•ึผืช ื•ึผื’ึฐื“ึปืœึผึทืชึพืงึนื“ึถืฉื. ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื–ึผึดื™ืง ื”ึทื ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“: ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ึพื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืจื•ึผืฆึธืชื•ึน ืึธื–, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื›ึผึธืœึพื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึฐื—ื•ึผืฆึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน, ื”ื•ึผื ื’ึผึธืจึทื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธืŸ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐืชึนื›ึถืŸ ืฉืึธืœึตื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”. ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ืงึดื™ึผื•ึผืžึธื, ืงึดื™ึผื•ึผื ื”ึธืึปืžึผึธื”, ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ื“' ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช. ืขึทื–ึผึดื™ื–ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผื—ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึนืžึถืง ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ืœึดื‘ึฐื—ึนืจ ื‘ึผึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืœึธืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืข, "ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึตื™ื ืฆึทืœึฐืžึธื•ึถืช ืœึนื ืึดื™ืจึธื ืจึธืข". ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผื•ึนื ึฐื ึดื™ื ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื”ื•ึนืคึธืขึธื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœึพื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึนืงึฐืงึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ, ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืงึฐืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืึดืžึผื•ึผืฆึธื, ืœึฐื›ึนื—ึท ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึถื—ึธื˜ื•ึผื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึธื‘ื•ึผืฉื, ื”ึธืึตื™ืชึธืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืฆึธืง, ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื›ึทืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื, ื•ึผืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืงึธื” ื–ื•ึน, ื›ึผึนื—ึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ ืžึดืชึฐืึทืžึผึตืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึนื—ึทึพื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐืขึทื“ึผึตืŸ, ื•ึฐืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช ื—ื•ึนื–ึฐืจื•ึนืช ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื.


ื”ืงื“ืžื” - ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ืฉืœื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื•? ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืคืขื ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืœื•ื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื ื•. ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ืืš ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื ืงืจื ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื”' 1 ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื–ื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื. ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ืขื–ืข ื‘ืกืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื•ื”ืœื ื”ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™-ื”, ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืื‘ื•ืช.
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื ืงื™ื, ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ืช. ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžืชื™ ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•". ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช.
ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” (11)
ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
1 - ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”
2 - ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
3 - ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ื
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“

ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš
ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืขื ืง, ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื. ื“ื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ืฉืจ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื’ื ื›ืฉืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืื•ืœ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช 2 , ืœืื—ืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงื ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ืœื”', "ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฆื“ืงืš" 3 . ื›ืœ ืžืœื›ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื“ื•ื“ ืงื ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”', ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืฉืคื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืœื™ื”, ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื›ื•ืœื• ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื—ื–"ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื•ื“, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ.
ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื˜ืื• ืขื ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข. "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื˜ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื˜ื•ืขื”" 4 . ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื 5 , ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื—ื˜ื ื‘ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ. ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืืœื, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ 6 , ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื˜ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืœืืฉืชื•. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ืชื ืื™. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” 7 , ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื ื“ื•ื“ ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื—ื˜ืื™ื. ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื’ืจื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื˜ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื“ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืืฃ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื ืœืœืžื“ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื›ืฉืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉืช ื”ืจืฉ 8 , ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœืžืœืš ื™ืฉ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื— ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืกื™ื“ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื˜ื ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื“ืข ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื˜ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘. ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื”. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื—ื˜ื ื‘ืขื’ืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื˜ื ื ื•ืจื ืžืžื ื•. ืžื›ืš ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ...
ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื”ืฉืœืฉืœืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืžืขืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืžืจ. ื”ืื ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืฉืชืœืฉืœ ื–ืจืข ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืื‘ื™ื”. ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช 9 ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, "ืขืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ืขืžื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื•ืื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืื‘ื™ืช", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื•ืื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”'. ื’ื ืžื•ืื‘ ื™ืฆื ืžืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืžื™ ื™ืชืŸ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืžื ืœื ืื—ื“" 10 , ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื“ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ืชื‘ืจืจื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืžืžื•. ืœืขืชื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื˜ืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื—ืจื™ื’, ื‘ื• ื ื’ืจื ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื›ืš ืจื•ืื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ ืืช ื“ื•ื“.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืืš ืœื ื—ื˜ื ื’ืžื•ืจ. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื—ื˜ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื˜ื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ. ื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื—ื–"ืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืœื•ืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. "ื™ืฆืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืืœืžืœื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•" 11 , ื•ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืขื–ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื•ื“, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืœืžื“ ื“ืจืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.

ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ ื“ื•ืจื ื•
ื™ืชื›ื ื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื›ืš ืžื’ืœื’ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื. ืื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืœื•. ืืžื ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื—ื˜ื, ืืš ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื ืกื˜ื” ืžื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืœืคื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื“ืขื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื”ืœืš ืืœื•ืงื™. ื›ืืŸ, ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื, ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš.

ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื
ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื•ื“, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื ืขืจืฅ. ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“. ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื—ื˜ื - ืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื ื•. ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื—ื˜ืื• ืืœื ื›ื›ืชื ืฉื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื•ื ื•ืงื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื”ื–ื“ื›ืš ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืœื‘ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื™" 12 . ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื‘ืื• ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“, ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•.

ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื
ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื• ืืžื•ืŸ ืžืœื, ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื™ืฉื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื—ื˜ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื›ืš ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ื•, ืฉืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืง. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœ"ื—ืคืฆื™ื‘ื”", ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืง ื›ืœืคื™ ืื™ืฉื”. ื”ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื•.
ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื ื—ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื” ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื–ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื•. ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•, ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ืืœื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ืืžื ื, ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื™ืชื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื", ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™: ืžื” ืคืชืื•ื , ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ืชืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉื’ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื•ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืื•ืžึทืจ ื›ืš. ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื™: ื›ืฉืชื’ื“ืœ ืชื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”', ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืจืš ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืจ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืืœืฃ ื ืฉื™ื 13 . ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš - ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื”', ืื• ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.

ื›ืš ื’ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืœืจื—ืœ, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืขื” ืฆืืŸ ื™ืคื” ืชื•ืืจ, ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ืœื‘ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื• ื‘ืชื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืฉ. ืงืจืืชื™ ืคืขื ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืฉืชื•, ืฉื—ืคืฆื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžืœื•ืžื“ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื”. ื›ืš ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืœืจื—ืœ. ืื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื”ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืฉืชื•, ืืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื’ืข ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื”. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืœ"ืฃ ื‘ื™"ืช 14 . ื›ืš ื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื•ืกืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” 15 , ืžืงื”ื™ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื•. ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžื•ืกืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื• 16 . ืื ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืฉืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื 17 , ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื• ืืœื ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืœ ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื”, ืขื ืชืื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืžืฉืœ. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” 18 ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืฉื”, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื›ืื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื’ื ื ืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืืš ื“ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื” ื›ืชืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ื”ื›ืชืžื™ื ื”ื ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื ืง ื•ืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช 19 , ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื ื•ืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืกื’ืจื• ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืชื—ื. ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืงืฉื” ื•ืžื‘ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“. ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืฉืจ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืจื ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื ืขื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจ "ื–ื›ืจื” ืœื—ืกื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ืš" ื•ื ืคืชื—ื• ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื. ืื– ื™ื“ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืฉื ืžื—ืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื–"ืœ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืžืขืฆื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืจื›ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ืขื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื ืขืจืฆื•ืช.

ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื›ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืช ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืจื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•. ืจื™ื—ืžืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืืš ืœื ื›ืขืกืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื. ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ, ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื - ื ืชืจืฅ. ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœื‘ืงืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ืชืฆืžื— ืื•ืžื” ื›ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื. ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉ ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.

ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช
ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืคืจืฉื”, ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ืืœื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื. ืื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉืžืžื ื• ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืžืฆืืฆืื™ื•, ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื’ื•ืžื”. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื—ืคืฉ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื›ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชืขืคื™ื ืœื“ื•ืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงืจื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืื“ื ื”ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ืžื™ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื• ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืžื™ ืฉืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืฉื•ื’ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ื ื ื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืžืขืกื™ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ืœื‘, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ื— ืžืœืš ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื 20 . ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื”. ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ.
ืคืขื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืช, ืฉืฉื›ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืขื– 21 . ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืจืฉืžืชื™ ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœื”, ืžื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœื”. ื“ืžืขื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”. ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื—ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื–ื•. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจืขื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ, ืืช ื”ื–ื›ึผื•ืช, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ. ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืจืฆื”, ื›ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื ืคืœืื”, ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”. ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื“ืœื•ืช, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœืคื™ ื’ื“ืœื•ืชื, ื•ืื– ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื›ืš ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืคื™ืœืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ืœื•ืช. "ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืชื ื—ื•ืžื•ืชื™ื ื•", ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกืคืจ.

ืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื›ึผึฐืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื, ื”ึทืžึฐืกึปืคึผึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื‘ึผึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึทื›ึผึฐืชื•ึผื‘ึดื™ื, ืื•ึนืชึธื ื”ึทื“ึผื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึฒืกื•ึผืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”, โ€“ ื•ึฐื”ึตื ื”ึตื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื™ึทื—ึฒืกึดื™ื ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึดื™ื“ึดื™ื“ื•ึผืช ื•ึผื’ึฐื“ึปืœึผึทืชึพืงึนื“ึถืฉื. ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึทื–ึผึดื™ืง ื”ึทื ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“: ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ึพื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถื”ึธืœึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืจื•ึผืฆึธืชื•ึน ืึธื–, ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื›ึผึธืœึพื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื ึฐื—ื•ึผืฆึธื” ื‘ึผื•ึน, ื”ื•ึผื ื’ึผึธืจึทื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท ืึถืช ืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช, ืฉืึถื”ึทืจึฐื’ึผึธืฉืึธืชึธืŸ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึฐืชึนื›ึถืŸ ืฉืึธืœึตื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”. ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ืงึดื™ึผื•ึผืžึธื, ืงึดื™ึผื•ึผื ื”ึธืึปืžึผึธื”, ืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ื“' ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื›ึผึธืจึธื” ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ืžึดื™ืช.

ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉืืœื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ? ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขื™ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื "ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื" 22 . ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื ืฉื™ื 23 .
ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืคืจืื™, ืฉืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืื›ื–ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—. ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืจืชื™ืขื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ-ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ื•-ืงืจื‘. ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื’ืจืจ ืœืžืจื™ื‘ื” ืืœื™ืžื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืืš ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ื–ื•? ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘, ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืœืฉื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ืืœื ื ืœื—ืžื• ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”'. ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื‘ื•ืื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื•.

ืขึทื–ึผึดื™ื–ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผื—ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึนืžึถืง ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ืœึดื‘ึฐื—ึนืจ ื‘ึผึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืœึธืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืข, "ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึตื™ื ืฆึทืœึฐืžึธื•ึถืช ืœึนื ืึดื™ืจึธื ืจึธืข". ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผื•ึนื ึฐื ึดื™ื ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื”ึดื ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื”ื•ึนืคึธืขึธื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœึพื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืื•ึนืงึฐืงึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ, ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืงึฐืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืึดืžึผื•ึผืฆึธื, ืœึฐื›ึนื—ึท ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึถื—ึธื˜ื•ึผื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึธื‘ื•ึผืฉื, ื”ึธืึตื™ืชึธืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืฆึธืง, ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธื›ึทืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื, ื•ึผืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืงึธื” ื–ื•ึน, ื›ึผึนื—ึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ ืžึดืชึฐืึทืžึผึตืฅ ื•ึฐื›ึนื—ึทึพื’ึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึธืชึตื ื•ึผ ืžึดืชึฐืขึทื“ึผึตืŸ, ื•ึฐืื•ึนืชึธืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงื•ึนืช ื—ื•ึนื–ึฐืจื•ึนืช ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช - ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื
ืื ื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืื•ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ื•ื—ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขื“ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ืืžื™ืชื™.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื—, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—. ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•. ื’ื ื–ื• ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ื•ืืช ืื•ืžืฅ ืจื•ื—ื, ื•ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืชื ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื”, ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืชื. ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”', ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ ืขื•ืœื.
ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื“ืจื›ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื–, ื‘ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืœื—ืžืชื. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื•ืœืœ ื–ืืช ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืฉืœืžื”.


^ 1.ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื‘, ื›ื”. "ื•ื™ืฉืœื— ื‘ื™ื“ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”'". ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื ื’, ื, "ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื“ื™ื“, ื–ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš".
^ 2.ื’, ื‘.
^ 3.ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื™ื˜, ืกื‘.
^ 4.ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•, ื. "ื"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžื ื™ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ: ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื˜ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื˜ื•ืขื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ื”' ืขืžื• ื•ื’ื•', ืืคืฉืจ ื—ื˜ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื• ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืžื•?!", ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื.
^ 5.ื“"ื” ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื˜ื, "ื‘ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื’ื˜".
^ 6.ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื.
^ 7.ื“, ื‘. "ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื ืœืžื” ืขืฉื•? ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉืื ื—ื˜ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื›ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืื ื—ื˜ืื• ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื›ื• ืืฆืœ ืฆื‘ื•ืจ".
^ 8.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื™ื‘, ื-ื™ื‘.
^ 9.ืขื•, ื‘.
^ 10.ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื“, ื“.
^ 11.ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœ, ื‘. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื‘, ื‘.
^ 12.ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงื˜, ื›ื‘.
^ 13.ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื•, ื‘.
^ 14.ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจ' ื ืชืŸ ื•, ื‘.
^ 15.ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื, ื‘.
^ 16.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื™ื, ื’. ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ื“, ื”. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื.
^ 17.ื™ื“ื™ื ื’, ื”.
^ 18.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™, ื’. "ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉืœืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœ 'ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืœืช ืื”ื‘ื” ืื ื™'. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”".
^ 19.ืœ, ื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื˜,ื.
^ 20.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื–, ื–-ื™ื’.
^ 21.ืจื•ืช ื’,ื–.
^ 22.ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™, ืž. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื, ื.
^ 23.ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื—, ื™ื‘.
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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il