ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
undefined
269
25 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื™"ื— ื—ืœืง ื'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื™"ื— ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื–


ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื”ึทืžึผึทืึฒืžึธืจ ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™
ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนื ึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ
ื”ืคืงืคื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืœึฐืคึทืงึฐืคึผึตืง ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ึตื‘ึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืกึทืœึผึตืง ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื. ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึตื˜ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึตื—ึฒืœื•ึผืงึธื”* ืึดื* ืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืžึตื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึธื”* ืขึทืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึธื” ืื•ึน ืœึนื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ. ื•ึฐืึดื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืฉืึทื ึผื•ึนืช ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืœึดื’ึฐื–ึนืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืึถืœ ืœึนื ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ* ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืœึผึนื ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ ืึถืœ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื–ึถื” ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”* ืึถืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึตื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึน ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึธื”*, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึดื™ื’ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึธื” ืื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฆึตืœ ืžึตืจึทืข ืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•.

ื˜ืขื ืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื˜ื•ึนืขึตืŸ ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื•ึฐื ื•ึนื˜ึถื” ืึตืœึธื™ื•, ืึธืžึทืจ ื›ึผึฐืžึทืชึฐืžึดื™ื”ึผึท ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื, ืึดื ื”ื•ึผื ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒื ึนืฉื ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืชึธื ืžึทืึฒืžึดื™ื ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ืึธืžึทืจ: "ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืขึธืชึฐืงื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื’ึผึธื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ื—ึธื™ึดืœ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึธื ื ึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึดืžึผึธื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธืึตืœ ืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึนื ื—ึธืคึธืฆึฐื ื•ึผ, ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึทื“ึผึทื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผื•ึน" [ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื, ื–-ื˜ื•], ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึฐื‘ึธืึตืจ ืฉืึถื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึน: "ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึทื“ึผึทื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึถื ึผื•ึผ", ื•ึฐืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึน: "ื•ึผืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข* ื‘ึผื•ึน", ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื ื—ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ืžึธื” ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื ืฆึทื“.

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื ืช ืื™ื•ื‘
ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืฉืึถื ึผึธื˜ึธื” ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืกึผึธืžึทืšึฐ ืœึธื–ึถื”: "ื”ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ึธื ื˜ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืขึฒืฆึทืช ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืจึธื—ึฒืงึธื” ืžึถื ึผึดื™", ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ, ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ืจื•ึนืึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื‘ึฐื™ึธื“ึธื ื˜ื•ึผื‘ึธื, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื–ึผึดื™ืง ืจึนืขึท ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐื”ึธืกึดื™ืจ ืžึตื”ึถื ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึทื’ึผึดื™ืขื•ึนืช ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึทืช ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืจึธื—ึฒืงึธื” ืžึถื ึผึดื™, ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื”ึธืขึตืฆึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช ื”ึทื™ึผึฐืขื•ึผืฆึธื” ืขึทืœ ืึตืœึผึถื” ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื‘ึทืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึดื™ื ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืžึดื™ื“ึดื™ืขึธืชึดื™, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึตืจึธื”, ืฉืึถืึดื ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึธืจึทืข ืึถืœ ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึตืŸ, ื›ึผึดื™ "ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื”* ื ึตืจ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื™ึดื“ึฐืขึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื™ึธื‘ึนื ืขึธืœึตื™ืžื•ึน ืึตื™ื“ึธื* ื—ึฒื‘ึธืœึดื™ื* ื™ึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืง ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน", ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื“ึฐืขึทืšึฐ ื ึตืจึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึธืœึตื™ืžื•ึน ืึตื™ื“ึธื ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึธืจึธืขึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื—ึทืœึผึตืง ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื—ึฒื‘ึธืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึธืจึธืขึดื™ื, ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ืฉืึถื ึผึธื˜ึธื” ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืœึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืื•ึน ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”.

ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืคืข
ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื ึธื›ื•ึนืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืฉืึฐืคึผึธืขื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขึถืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ื™ึปืฉืึฐืคึผึฐืขื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื” ื•ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื” ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœึธื, ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึดื™ืŸ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืคึทืข ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนื ึตืขึท ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึตืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ืฉืึถืึดื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืžึธืฉืึธืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืคึผึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื™ึทื—ึฐืจึนืฉื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึทืข ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื, ืึทืฃ ืึดื ื™ึทืžึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืžึดื˜ึฐืจื•ึนืช ืขึปื–ึผื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืชึตื‘ึตืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื” ืœึนื ืชึดืฆึฐืœึทื—ึฐื ึธื” ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื—ึธืจึทืฉื ื•ึฐื–ึธืจึทืข, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนื ึตืขึท ืžึตืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึผื ื”ึตื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึน.
____________________________________
ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืžึผึธืœึตื˜ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึตื—ึฒืœื•ึผืงึธื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื. ืึดื โ€“ ืื•. ืžึธื” โ€“ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœึนื ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ โ€“ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ, ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืš. ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” โ€“ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืื•ื™. ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจื•ึน ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึธื” โ€“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืฉื”ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ. ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข โ€“ ื ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื•. ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื”ื. ืึตื™ื“ึธื โ€“ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืชื. ื—ึฒื‘ึธืœึดื™ื โ€“ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื.


ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ืช, ื›ืžื• ืื™ ื‘ืœื‘ ื™ื ืกื•ืขืจ. ืžืงื•ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžื’ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืืš ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืš ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื ื• ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืขื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช: ื”ืื ื”โ€™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•? ืื™ืš ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื? ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœื” ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช?
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืกืก ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื•, ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืฆื™ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื—ื“ืœื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ื”. ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื• โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืคืข. ื’ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคืš, ืืš ื’ื ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœื ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื•.
ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื” โ€“ ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”' ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™.
ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช. ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื• ืืช ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื’ื•ืจืœื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื•ืžื™ื ืžืื– ื•ืžืงื“ื, ื•ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื?
ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืืžืช โ€“ ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืฉื, ื•ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื•. ืืš ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืœื ื‘ืจื, ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืจืก ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื–ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืจืฉืขื•ืช . ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขืจืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืžืืžืฅ. ื”ืื“ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ืœื–ืจื•ื ื›ืคื™ ื—ืฉืงื•, ื‘ื™ื•ื“ืขื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืงืจื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื”ื ืฆื— ืžื ืชืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืงื•ืจื• ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืจืกืŸ.
ืืฃ ืื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกืคื’ ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืชืžื™ื”ื” ืขืœ ื”'. ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืจืฉืข ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื• ื•ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืจืข ืœื•?! ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื—ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ื“ืขืชื ื ื›ื•ื ื” โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื’ืžื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ.
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” โ€“ ืื›ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืื•ืœื ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชื ื” ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ! ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉืคืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืืš ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”, ืื›ืŸ ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืืš ืื ืœื ื ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”, ืœื ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื•.
ื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืื“ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉืจ.

ืœืจืคื•ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื”ืจื” ื”ื™"ื•โ€ƒ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื™"ื— ื—ืœืง ื‘'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื™"ื˜ ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืข"ื–


ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ืชื•
ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ ื–ึถื” ื ึนืืžึทืจ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึธื”* ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื”* ืžึดื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืœึทืœ ื™ึดืขื•ึผื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”*, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืจึทืข ืžึธื” ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึทืจ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื” ืžึตื”ึธืจึทืข ืื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื”, ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืื•ึน ื”ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืื•ึน ืœึฐืจึทืข.

ืžืฉืœ ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืœืš
ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื’ึผึธื–ึทืจ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึฒืจึตืœึดื™ื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ึธื” ืคึผึฐืœื•ึนื ึดื™ืช ืฉืึถื™ึผึตื”ึธืจึฐื’ื•ึผ ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื ึผึธืชึตืŸ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื›ึผึดื›ึผึทืจ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘, ื•ึฐืขึธืžึทื“ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึฐื ึดืžึผื•ึนืœ, ืฉืึถืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืกึธืคึตืง ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืชึดื‘ึผึธื˜ึตืœ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึฐืจึทืข ืื•ึน ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ ื”ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื“ึผึฐืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื. ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื”* ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื“ึผึฐืœื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึทืช ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื›ึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ืœึฐืงึดื‘ึผื•ึผืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืคึทืข ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ ืื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”.

ื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื™ ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”
ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืžึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึทืึฒืžึทืจ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” [ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื ื˜, ื]: ืจึธื‘ึธื ืึดื™ืงึผึฐืœึทืข ืœึฐืžึดื™ืžึฐืœึธื ื—ึฒื–ึทื ึฐื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื—ื•ึนืจึตื™ ืจึนืืฉื, ืึธืžึทืจ ืžึทืื™ ื”ึทืื™, ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึตื™ื”ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืขึตืœึดื™ ืงึธืึธืชึดื™ื ึธื, ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ ื‘ึผึตื™ื”ึผ: "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทืจึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืชึฐืšึธ ื™ึธืžื•ึผืชื•ึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื*" [ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื‘, ืœื’], ืึธืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ ื–ึดื™ืœื•ึผ ืึดื™ืขึทืกึผึฐืงื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื“ึผึดื›ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ "ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื™ื ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึนืจึถืšึฐ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ" [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ, ื‘], ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืจึธืึถื” ืžึดื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉืึถื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึตื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ื•ึผืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื, ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื–ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึดื ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื* ื™ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืฉืึดื ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”.

ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“ ื”ื•ึผื ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ืœึธืจึธืฉืึธืข, ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึทื—ึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึฐืจึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืึทื—ึฐืึธื‘ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•: "ืจึทืง ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืึทื—ึฐืึธื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึดืชึฐืžึทื›ึผึตืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืจึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื" [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื›ื, ื›ื”], ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึฐืจึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืฆึผึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทืกึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึทืง ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐื ึทืข ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”', ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืœึฐืึตืœึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ: "ื™ึทืขึทืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดื›ึฐื ึทืข ืึทื—ึฐืึธื‘ ืžึดืคึผึธื ึทื™ ืœึนื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื‘ึฐื ื•ึน ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึตื™ืชื•ึน" [ืฉื ื›ื˜], ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ืฉืึถื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึธืฉืึธืข ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึทืชึผึนืึทืจ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืจึทืข, ื•ึผื›ึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึนืึทืจ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื”, ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื ึถื”ึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึทื—ึตืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดื’ึฐื–ึฐืจึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”.

ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื“ื
ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐื‘ึนืึธืจ ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืื•ึน ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืึถืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึผื›ึทืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืฉืึถืคึทืข ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ืื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึธืจึทืข ื”ึทื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึธืจ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืžึดืžึผึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึทืช ื”ึธืจึทืข ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ. ื•ึฐื–ื•ึน ื”ึทื˜ึผึทืขึฒื ึธื” ืจึธืžึทื– ืึตืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืฆื•ึนืคึทืจ* ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึทืึฒืฉืึดื™ื ืึถืช ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึทืฉึผืึตื ืœึฐื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœื•ึน ืžึตืจึธืขึธืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึตื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืžึตืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”. ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: "ืึดื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึฒื›ึดื™ื ื•ึนืชึธ ืœึดื‘ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึผืคึธืจึทืฉื‚ึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื›ึผึทืคึผึถืšึธ, ืึดื ืึธื•ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื”ึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ืงึตื”ื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื– ืชึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืžึผื•ึผื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื, ื™ื’-ื˜ื•], ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ, ืึดื ืชึผึธื›ึดื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐืชึทืงึผึตืŸ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตื™ืŸ ืกึธืคึตืง ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืชึผึดืžึผึธืœึตื˜ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึผึธืœื•ึผ. ื•ึผืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึตืช, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”: ื™ึธืคึธื” ืฆึฐืขึธืงึธื” ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึนื“ึถื ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ [ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื˜ื–.].

ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืจื”
ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐื”ึทืงึฐืฉืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืžึดืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถืชึผึดืชึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื•ึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”.
____________________________________
ืžึธื” โ€“ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขึธื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื™ึดืขื•ึผื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” โ€“ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืขื•ืฉื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” โ€“ ื•ืœื›ืŸ. ืึดื™ืงึผึฐืœึทืข ืœึฐืžึดื™ืžึฐืœึธื โ€“ ื ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืžืžื™ืœื (ืฉื ืžืงื•ื) ื•ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืขืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื–ืงื ื™ื. ืžึทืื™ ื”ึทืื™ โ€“ ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืžึดื“ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืขึตืœึดื™ ืงึธืึธืชึดื™ื ึธื โ€“ ืื ื• ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื™ึธืžื•ึผืชื•ึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื โ€“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ืฉืึถืฉึผืึดื ึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื โ€“ "ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ื™ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื" (ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื“). ืฆื•ึนืคึทืจ โ€“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘.


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ. ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื”. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ โ€“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘.
ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžืกื’ืจืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™. ืœื›ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื ื”' โ€“ ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื—"ื• ื ืกื˜ื” ืžื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืื.
ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช. ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืœืื“ื ื–ื” ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืš ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ื” 'ื”ืชืจืฆื”' ื”ื-ืœ ื”ืื›ื–ืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืฉื ื›ื ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ื•. ืืš ื”ืืžืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื . ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืื• ืžืชืคืœืœ ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื”' โ€“ ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”'.
ืœื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื–ืจืช ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืžืฉืžื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”. ื’ื•ืจืœื• ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• . ื‘ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ ืฉื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ืืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“? ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ "ื•ืืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื" [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื“]. ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉื—ื˜ืื•. ืื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘. ืื—ืื‘ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืื“ื ื ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื ื• ื ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืื“ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
ืืฃ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, ืืฃ ื–ื• ื”ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชืจื•ืžื ื”ืื“ื ืžืื•ืชื” ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืืœื™ื” ื ืคืœ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืœื”
ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืžึดืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถืชึผึดืชึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ึธื” ื•ึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื”. ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืงื•ืฉื™: ื”ืื ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™, ืืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืื“ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื•. ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•: "ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื”ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื—ืจืฃ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ, ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืœื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืขืžื” ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืœื”ื™ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ , ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื—ืฉ (ื”ื™ื—ืก) ืฉืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื™ืชื• (ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื•) ืžืฉืชื ื”, ืžืฉืชื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” (ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช) ืืœื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืœื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืชืคืขืœืช (ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช) ืžืื—ื“ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื•ื“ (ื”ืื“ื)" [ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื, ืชืจืกื“]. ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื•ืœืœ ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”: ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื’ืจื™ื“ื. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืื“ื, ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืง ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืคื™ืœื”: "ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื” . ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืœื ื ื’ืจื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•, ืืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฆื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืœื” . ื”ื”ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชื ื”" [ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื•ืืœืช ื’, ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืœื•].

ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื–"ืœโ€ƒ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื™"ื— ื—ืœืง ื’'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื›' ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืชืฉืข"ื–


ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”
ื•ึผืฉืึฐืึตืœึทืช ื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผื•ึผืช ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผื•ึผืช ื”ึทื”ึฒื›ึธื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึธื‘ ืึถืœ ืฉืึฐืึตืœึทืช ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืขึดื ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ*, ื•ึผื›ึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึทื—ึฐืงึนืจ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืขึดื ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ, ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึนื ื ึทื—ึฐืงึนืจ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืขึดื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน ืขึดื ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ, ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ืขึดื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ื ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืช ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทื—ื•ึผืฉื, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืžื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื–ึตืจึธื” ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ืขึทืœ ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื—ื•ึผืฉื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ึนื*, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืึดื ืœึนื ื ึตื“ึทืข ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืชึผึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื* ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืฉืึดื ึผื•ึผื™ ืขึดื ืงึทื‘ึผึธืœึทืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึตื“ึทืข ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืชึผึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ืขึดื ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ, ืœึนื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื ึทื›ึฐื—ึดื™ืฉื ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื—ื•ึผืฉื ืฉืึถื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื ึถืขึฐืชึผึธืจ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึธืชึตืช ืฉืึฐืึตืœึธืชื•ึน ืžึตืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”.

ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืืœื™ืคื– ืœืื™ื•ื‘
ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืึฑืœึดื™ืคึทื– ืœึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืขึทืœ ืฉืึถืจึธืึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึธื˜ึธื” ืœึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื: "ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึทื“ึผึทื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผื•ึน" [ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื, ื˜ื•], ืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืžึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•: "ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืžึทื” ื™ึผึธื“ึทืข ืึตืœ ื”ึทื‘ึฐืขึทื“ ืขึฒืจึธืคึถืœ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืคึผื•ึนื˜, ืขึธื‘ึดื™ื ืกึตืชึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื”" ื•ื’ื•' [ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื‘, ื™ื’-ื™ื“], ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ, ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึธื” ื ื•ึนื˜ึถื” ืœึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื "ืžึทื” ื ึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผื•ึน" ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน, ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื‘ึผึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึทื“ึผึทืขึทืช ืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึธื ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืขึดื ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืžึทื” ื™ึผึธื“ึทืข ืึตืœ", ื•ึฐื ึดืจึฐืึถื” ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึฐืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึน ื ื•ึนื”ึตื’, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึถืงึผึธืจึธื ืึนืจึทื— ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: "ื”ึทืึนืจึทื— ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืžึฐืชึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ, ื”ึธืึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธืึตืœ ืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทื” ื™ึผึดืคึฐืขึทืœ ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™ ืœึธืžื•ึน", ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืงึธืจึธื ืžึฐืชึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ* ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื›ึผึฐืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึน ื ื•ึนื”ึตื’ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืžึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึฐืœึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”* ื•ึฐื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืกึผึดื™ึผึตื ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•: "ืึดื ืชึผึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™ ืชึผึดื‘ึผึธื ึถื”*, ืชึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึถืšึผึธ" ื•ื’ื•', ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ื™ึดืจึฐืžึนื– ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ืฉืึถืกึผึดื‘ึผึทืช ื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึธื™ื• ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึทืฆึฐืœึธื—ึธืชื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืžึตื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืžึดืžึผึดื ึฐื”ึทื’ ื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื™ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื, ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืึฑืœึดื™ืคึทื– ืฉืึถืึดื ื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึถื” ืœื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึดื ึผึธืฆึตืœ ืžึดื™ึผึดืกื•ึผืจึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ื ึฐื›ึธืกึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ: "ืชึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึถืšึผึธ ื•ื’ื•' ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืฉืึทื“ึผึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึธืจึถื™ืšึธ* ื•ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืชึผื•ึนืขึธืคื•ึนืช ืœึธืšึฐ", ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืฉืึถืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื ึฐื›ึธืกึธื™ื• ืžึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึทื”' ืฉืึธื‘ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึฐืœื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื“ ืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ" [ืื™ื•ื‘ ืžื‘, ื™], ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึถืึฑืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึทืฉึผืึตื ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื–ึถื” ื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•, ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ ืฉืึธื‘ ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืชื•ึน:
____________________________________
ืฉืึฐืึตืœึทืช ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืขึดื ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ โ€“ ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”- ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”' ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ึนื โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ืชึผึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื โ€“ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืกืชืจื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืžึฐืชึตื™ ืึธื•ึถืŸ โ€“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืฉืขื™ื. ืžึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึฐืœึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” โ€“ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ื ื”ื’ ืจืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืœื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืืœื”ื™ืช. ืชึผึดื‘ึผึธื ึถื” โ€“ ืชื™ื•ื•ืฉืข. ื‘ึผึฐืฆึธืจึถื™ืšึธ โ€“ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื’ื ื”.


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื“ื ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ('ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืืคืฉืจ') ื•ื™ื“ื™ืขื”.
ื”' ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ื–ืืช ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง. ืื-ื›ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืื– ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืžืžื™ืœื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื• ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“? ื•ืื ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• โ€“ ืื– ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”' ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”...
ืžื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื• ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ.
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืœืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื ืื ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื• ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ื–ืืช ืฉืงื•ื‘ืขืช . ื”ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื‘ืื“ื ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ืœื™ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื ื•, ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื›ืš. ืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืœืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“? ืœืžื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืืฉ? ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ? ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื-ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื’ื ืื ื‘ืฉื›ืœื ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืกื•ืชืจื™ื, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืฉื’ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ืชื ื•.
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืš ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื” ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ื”ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ืืช.
ืืœื™ืคื– ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืžื•ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžื ืชืงืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื• โ€“ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช, ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืจ. ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ืื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืขืฆื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉ'ืขื•ืœื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื• ื ื•ื”ื’' ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื“ื ืœื ืžืชืคืœืœ; ื›ืฉืžืชื ืชืงื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืคืกื“ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื–ื•ืงื™ื.
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืœื™ืคื– ืœืื™ื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืคืœืœ, ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืชื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื’ื—ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืžื• ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืชืฉื•ืขื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”
ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื ึทืึฒืžึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื ึผึถื” ื™ึฐื“ึดื™ืขึธืชื•ึน ืขึดื ืžึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื˜ึถื‘ึทืข ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืจืข ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื•, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืœื• ื™ื“ืข ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉื•. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•: "ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ ื•ื”ืœื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื• ืจืฉืข ืื• ืœื ื™ื“ืข? ืื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืข ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• (ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื•)" [ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”, ื”]. ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืืœื•ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื: ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœื˜, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืื—ื“. " ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืžืชืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื". ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
โ€ƒ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื›' ื—ืœืง ื'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื›"ื ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืชืฉืข"ื–


ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื
ืžืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืกึดืคึฐืจึตื™* "ื•ึผืœึฐืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื" [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื’], ื–ื•ึน ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึฑื•ึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืงึทืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื—ึฒืžื•ึผืจึธื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืžึทืชึผึทืŸ ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึธืจึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช [ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘, ื], ืœึนื ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื–ึถื” ื ึนืืžึทืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึทืชึผึทืŸ ืฉื‚ึฐื›ึธืจึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ืฉืึธื•ึถื”, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึทืช ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึผื’ึฐื“ื•ึนืœึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตืึทื—ึถืจึถืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืขึทืœ ืกึทืžึผึตื™ ื”ึธืจึฐืคื•ึผืึธื” ื”ึฑื•ึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืกึทื ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึฐืงึทืจ ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืกึทื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื™ึฐืงึทืจ ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ, ืฉืึถื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืœึทื’ึผื•ึผืฃ, ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื–ึถื” ื ึนืืžึทืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึดืงึฐืฆึธืช ื”ึทืกึผึทืžึผึดื™ื ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืœ ืงึฐืฆึธืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื ึฐื“ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืžึธืฉืึธืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืกึทื ื™ึฐืงึทืจ ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทืกึผึทืจึฐื ึทื’ึทืืŸ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ึฐืงึทืจ ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ, ืฉืึถืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื–ึธื”ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื ืฉืึธื•ึถื”, ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ืœึฐื’ื•ึผืฃ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึธืœ, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื ึฐื“ ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืจึทืคึผึนืื•ืช ืชึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึผืึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“, ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึทืกึผึทืจึฐื ึทื’ึทืืŸ ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืจึทืคึผึนืื•ืช ืชึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึผืึตื™ ื”ึธืจึทื’ึฐืœึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืงึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึดืจึฐื›ึผึทื™ึดื, ืฉืึถื’ึผึทื ื–ึถื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึทื’ึผื•ึผืฃ ื”ึธืึฑื ื•ึนืฉืึดื™, ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ื™ึตืฉื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐืคึดื™ ืžึฐืงื•ึนืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื ืฉืึธื•ึถื”, ืฉืึถื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื ึฐื“ ื™ึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ืœึฐืจึทืคึผึนืื•ืช ืึตื‘ึธืจ ืจึธืืฉืึดื™ึผึดื™, ื•ึฐื”ึทืกึผึทืจึฐื ึทื’ึทืืŸ ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืœื•ึน ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐืจึทืคึผึตื ืึตื‘ึธืจ ืจึธืืฉืึดื™ึผึดื™.

ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืš ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื”
ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถื ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™ ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื, ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ืชึผื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื ึผึดื–ึผึธื”ึตืจ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื–ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืงึทืœึผึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื—ึฒืžื•ึผืจึธื”, ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืึตื™ืŸ ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื ืฉืึธื•ึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ืกึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึถืœึถืช ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช, ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ืœึดืงึฐืฆึธืชึธื ืขึทืœ ืงึฐืฆึธืช ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืฆึผึทื“.

ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืฉืึถืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืขึดื ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐืงึปื‘ึผึทืœ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ* ื›ึผึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ, ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึตื”ึถืŸ, ื•ึฐื–ึถื”, ืฉืึถื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ ืชึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืชึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึดืœึผื•ึผื—ึท ื”ึทืงึผึตืŸ: "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื™ื˜ึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึทืึฒืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ื" [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื–], ื•ึผื‘ึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื”: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึดื’ึฐืœึทืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ, ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ-ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ" [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ื™], ื•ึผืžึดืฆึฐื•ึทืช ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึทืกึผึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ* ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐืจึทืคึผึนืื•ืช ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ืœึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”: "ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ื’ื•' ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืจึนืคึถื ืœึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืชึผึทืขึฒืœึถื” ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”'" [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ ื›, ื”]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ืœ ืžึดืžึผึธื•ึถืช, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื—ึธื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืœึฐืžึนืฉืึถื”: "ื”ึถืจึถืฃ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ื“ึตื" ื•ื’ื•' [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜, ื™ื“], ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึผื•ึนืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื” ื ึดืฆึผื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืžึดืžึผึฐืขึตื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื’ึธื”.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื
ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึดืคึฐืงึนื“ ืขึฒืงึธืจื•ึนืช, "ื•ึทื™ึผึถืขึฐืชึผึทืจ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง" ื•ื’ื•' [ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”, ื›ื], "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืขึธืชึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื”'" ื•ื’ื•', ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื ึดืคึฐืงึฐื“ึธื” ื—ึทื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื”ึผ [ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื, ื]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐืจึธืขึธื‘, "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืึถืช-ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”'" [ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื, ื]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”, ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืœึฐื—ึถืžึถืช ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึดื™ืฉืึทืขึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึถืŸ ืึธืžื•ึนืฅ ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื–ึนืืช ื•ึทื™ึผึดื–ึฐืขึฒืงื•ึผ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื”' ืžึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึฐื—ึตื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ื’ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจ ื•ึฐื ึธื’ึดื™ื“ ื‘ึผึฐืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ" ื•ื’ื•' [ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ืœื‘, ื›-ื›ื].
____________________________________
ื‘ึผึฐืกึดืคึฐืจึตื™ โ€“ ืกืคืจ ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ โ€“ ืฉื›ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื›ืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืฆื“ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'. ืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ โ€“ ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื—ื–"ืœ ืงื‘ืขื• "ื”ื•ื™ ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืงืœื” ื›ืžืฆื•ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” โ€“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืชืŸ ืฉื›ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" [ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘' ืžืฉื ื” ื']. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื โ€“ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ โ€“ ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœื” ืฉื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžืžืฉื™ืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœืช ื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ. ื”ืจื•ืงื— ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืžืจืฉื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืื—ืจืช. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืจืง ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืงืจื”, ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืงืจ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืชืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื—ืจ โ€“ ื—ืœืงืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืœื‘ ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“, ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ืœื›ืื‘ื™ ืคืจืงื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืจืž"ื— ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•ืฉืก"ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืฃ ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืคื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช, ื›ืš ืœื ื ื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื”. ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ.
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืœืžืฆื•ึทืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื•ื’ืช ืจืง ืœืฉื›ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ โ€“ ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื, ืจืคื•ืื”, ืคืจื ืกื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืœึดื‘ื ื•, ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ืช ื”' ื’ื ื ืงื‘ืœ ื–ืืช.
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”'. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืืช ื”', ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”'. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื™ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”'.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื
ื”ึทืกึผึฐื’ึปืœึผึธื” ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ... ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืขืœื” ื™ืชืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” "ื•ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ืœื", ื•ืื-ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชืคื™ืœื” [ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•, ื—] ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื•. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช?
ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ : "ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœืื“ื" [ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืจื™ื], ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”:
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืžื™ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืกื™ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืœืžื“ื• [ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—.]. ื•ืืžืจื•: "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืœื ืชื•ืจื” ืืฃ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื•" [ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืงื˜:]. ืžื‘ืืจ ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง: "ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื™ืžืœืื ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื•ืื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื•" โ€“ ืื ื”ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ืจืง ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขืœื” ื›ืœืœ, "ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืœื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืขื". ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื•.
ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืืžืจื•: "ื”ืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื•ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืื‘ ืœื‘... ืžืื™ ืชืงื ืชื™ื” (ืžื” ืชืงื ืชื•)? ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”" [ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘:], ื™ืฉื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืžืขืœื” ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืกืคืง ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืกืคืง ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ. ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื“ ื–ื”.

ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืช ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืข"ื”
โ€ƒ

ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื›' ื—ืœืง ื‘'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื›"ื‘ ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืชืฉืข"ื–

ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื™ื
ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™* ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึถื—ึณืœึธื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืกึดื™ื ื”ึตืŸ ื—ึทื ื•ึฐื”ึตืŸ ืงึทืจ, ืœึนื ื›ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง* ืฉืึถื”ึตื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึดื™ื ืœึธื—ึณืœึธืึดื™ื ืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื™ึตืฉื ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืก ื—ึทื ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืžึตื”ึถื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืก ืงึทืจ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึทืกึผึทื ื”ึทื—ึทื ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผึทืจ ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึณืœึธื™ึดื™ื ื”ึถืคึฐื›ึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึถืคึฐื›ึผึดื™ึผึดื™ื, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน: "ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ื™ื’], ื•ึฐืึธืกึธืฃ ืึธืžึทืจ: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึธืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืขึฒื•ึนื ื•ึนืช ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื˜, ื—], ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึฐื›ึดื™ืจึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื›ึฐื—ึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึธื” ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” [ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืฆื‘:] ืฉืึถืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”], ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื”ึทืงึผึธืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึธืงื•ึนื ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ* ื”ึดื™ื* ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื, ื•ึฐืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื”ึธืขึถื‘ึถื“ ืœึธืึธื“ื•ึนืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึดืฆึฐื˜ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืœ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชื•ึน, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท* ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืžึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืฉืึฐื‘ึธื—ึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืžึธืงื•ึนื ื•ึผืžึทื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื ืžึตืึดืชึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืฆึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชื•ึน ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžื•ึนื“ึถื” ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืขื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึฐืกื•ึนืžึตืšึฐ ืžึดื‘ึผึทืœึฐืขึธื“ึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐื–ื•ึน ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืึตืœึธื™ื•.

ืชื•ืขืœืช "ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ื"
ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึผึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึผึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื›ึผื•ึนืœึฐืœึดื™ื ืžึปืฉึผื‚ึธื’ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชึธื”ึผ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฆึฐื•ื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ื•ึนืช ืฉืึถืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืšึฐ, ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื‘, ืฉืึถืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช: "ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึตื™ืžึถื™ืšึธ" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”], ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ืœึธืจึธืขึธื‘ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ "ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดื™ืจื•ึนืชึดื™ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”, ื•ึฐ"ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึผึตืœึธื” ื•ึทืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื ึผึธื”, ื•ึฐ"ืึถืช ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึธืจ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืžึทืœึผึตื" ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื’ึถืœ*, "ืึถืช ืึตื™ืžึธืชึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ" ื•ื’ื•' ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื” ืขึดื ืกึทื ึฐื—ึตืจึดื™ื‘ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื•ึผืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื”ื•ึผ. ื•ึฐื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึธืจื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดืจึฐืึถื” ืžึดืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ืฉืึดื“ึผึธืคื•ึนืŸ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึตืจึธืงื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึถื’ึทืข ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื”" [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ืœื–]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐื”ึดื ึผึธืฆึตืœ ืžึดืฆึผึธืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึตื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช, ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐืขึธืงื•ึผ ื•ึทืชึผึทืขึทืœ ืฉืึทื•ึฐืขึธืชึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื›ื’], "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื ึทืึฒืงึธืชึธื" ื•ื’ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘, ื›ื“], ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื“ึผึธื ึดื™ึผึตืืœ ื•ึฐืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ืขึธืœื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืœื•ึผืช.

ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
ื ึดืžึฐืฆึธื ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึผืึดื™ื ื•ึผืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ืึธืžึทืจ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืžึตืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ" ื•ื’ื•' [ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ืžื-ืžื’]. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึดืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐืžื•ึผืจึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทืึฒืžึธืจ ืžึตืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืžึฐื ึทืฉึผืึถื”:
____________________________________
ื”ึทืฆึผึณืจึดื™ โ€“ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”. ื”ึทืชึผึฐืจึดื™ึผึทื"ืง โ€“ ืžื™ืŸ ืžืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ โ€“ ืืœื. ื”ึดื™ื โ€“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท โ€“ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืขึตื’ึถืœ โ€“ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.

ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืชืžื™ื“ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœึดื‘ื ื•. ืœืขึดืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืžื—ืœ ื•ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื ื• ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขึดืชื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”'. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ โ€“ ืื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืงืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืžื›ืš ืื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืืš ืื ื™ืฉื™ื ืœึดื‘ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืงืจื™ืื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ืืœื™ื•, ืื• ืื– ื™ืคื ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืืœ: ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœื™? ื›ืขืช ื”ืžื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”'. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
"ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึตื™ืžึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึทื”ึฒืกึดืจึนืชึดื™ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ: ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึฐืฉืึทื›ึผึตืœึธื” ื•ึทืขึฒืงึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึถืšึธ ืึถืช ืžึดืกึฐืคึผึทืจ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืžึทืœึผึตื". ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื ืกื”, ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื.
ืื™ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”'? ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”' ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื ื•. ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”', ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ื“. ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื™ื: "ืขืœ ื ื™ืกืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืขืžื ื•", ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืžืœื ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืœึดื‘ื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืจ.
"ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘, ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”". ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืœื‘, ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืœื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจื™ื ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืชื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข. ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื ืฆื— ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช: ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื•. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืจืคืืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช
ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื‘ึผึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืฉืึถื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึดื™ื ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ึธืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืœึผึตื‘. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” "ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื•ื›ื™" [ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ื‘, ื›ื“], ืืœื 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘'. ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช [ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืฆื˜], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” , ื”ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”: "ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื™ืกื™ืจ ืžืœื™ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžืจื• ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉืชืจืฆื” ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืคืš ืžืขืœ ื ืฉืžืชืš . ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื" [ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘:].
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื•ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืžื”ืœื‘. ืื“ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžืชืขืœื” ืžืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื•.
ืจ' ืฆื“ื•ืง ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•. ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืœื ื ื™ื˜ืœื” ืžื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื [ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™ื‘.]. ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”' ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” [ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืจื™].
โ€ƒ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื›"ื ื—ืœืง ื'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื›"ื’ ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืชืฉืข"ื–


ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“
ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื” ืœื ื ืขื ื”
ื™ึดืงึฐืจึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืกึธืคึตืง ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ* ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื–ึถื”, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดื™ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดืžึผึนืฉืึถื” ืึฒื“ื•ึนืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืœึทืฉึผืึตื ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึฐื ึดื™ืกึธืชื•ึน ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึทืขึฒื ึธื”, ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘: "ื•ึธืึถืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึทืŸ ืึถืœ ื”', ืึถืขึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึธื” ื ึผึธื ื•ื’ื•', ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึตืœึทื™ ืจึทื‘ ืœึธืšึฐ" ื•ื’ื•' [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’, ื›ื’-ื›ื•], ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื–ึถื” ืžึดืžึผึทื” ืฉึผืึถื™ึผื•ึนืจึถื” ืฉืึถื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึธืจ ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื‘ึผึธื˜ึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”ึธืื•ึนืžึตืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึธื•ึฐื ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึทื” ื‘ึผึถืฆึทืข ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึตืŸ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœึฐื‘ึทื˜ึผึตืœ ื”ึทื ึผึดื’ึฐื–ึธืจ.

ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ
ื”ึทืชึผึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื”, ืฉืึถื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืžื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืึดื ืึตื™ืŸ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื”*, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื™ึธืคึธื” ืฆึฐืขึธืงึธื” ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึนื“ึถื ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืจึธืึถื” ื–ึถื” ืžึตื—ึดื–ึฐืงึดื™ึผึธื”, ืฉืึถืึทื—ึทืจ ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: "ืฆึทื• ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึถืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึตืช ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึดื—ึฐื™ึถื”", ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน: "ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ื’ื•' ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืขึทืœ ื™ึธืžึถื™ืšึธ" [ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืœื—, ื-ื”], ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื” ืฉืึถื ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ืœึนื ืชึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ" [ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›, ื™ื‘], ื•ึผื‘ึตืึฒืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” [ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื, ื™] ื›ึผึดื™ "ืœึธื›ึตืŸ" ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื”, ื•ึผื›ึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนื›ึดื™ื—ื•ึผ ื–ึถื” ืžึด"ืœึผึธื›ึตืŸ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ืขึตืœึดื™" [ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื’, ื™ื“], ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืœึนื ื”ื•ึนืขึดื™ืœึธื” ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืœื•ึนื.

ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืงืจืข
ื•ึฐื–ึถื”ื•ึผ ื”ึทื”ึถื‘ึฐื“ึผึตืœ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื™ึธื—ึดื™ื“ ืœึฐืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ, ืฉืึถื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ืึตื™ืŸ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ื ื•ึน ื ึดืงึฐืจึธืข ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื”, ื•ึฐืฉืึถืœ ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธืข ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทื˜ึผึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืžึดืงึผึถืฉืึถืจ ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื”*.
____________________________________
ืกึธืคึตืง ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ โ€“ ืฉืืœื” ืงืฉื”. ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื” โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”' ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื’ื–ืจืชื• ืชืชืงื™ื™ื. ืžึดืงึผึถืฉืึถืจ ื”ึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” โ€“ ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคืจืงื ื•.


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช.
ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืžื ื, ืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”. ื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ื—ืžืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ [ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื’ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’], ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœื ื ืขื ืชื”. ืื-ื›ืŸ, ืžื ื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœ?
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ืงื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” (ืข"ืค ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉื) ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื”.
ืืš ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื’ื–ืจื” ืขืœ-ื›ืš ื’ื–ึตืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื’ื–ึตืจื”, ื•ืื ื’ื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืš ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื–ึตืจื” ืชืฉืชื ื”.
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ึตืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืœื’ื–ึตืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื”. ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืš. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื: ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื’ื–ึตืจื”, ืืš ืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื ืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืœื™ ื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืš ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”'. ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชืคืœืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ืœึดื‘ื ื• โ€“ ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ืœื” ืืžึดืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”'.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ [ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—] "ืื™ืžืชื™ ืขืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ืŸ". ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื’ืœื” ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ 'ื—ืชื•ื' ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขื•ืงืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜
ืœึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื’ึผึฐื–ึทืจ ื“ึผึดื™ืŸ ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืชึผื•ึนืขึดื™ืœ ืึดื ืึตื™ืŸ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืขึธื”. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงืจื•ืข ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืชื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืฉืœืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ื ื ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื ื’ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ื—ืชืžื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ (ืžื™ื“), ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืŸ [ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื˜ื–:]. ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ ืื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื? ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืจืฉืข ื’ืžื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืข ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขืžื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”.
ืื•ืœื ืžื”ื™ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื•'ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ' ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•? ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืจื™ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืžื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ืฉืคืช ืืžืช' ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืฉืขืจ ืœื“ื•ืคืงื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื‘ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื " ืื ื™ ืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืขืฉื” ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื " [ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘, ื“]. [ืฉื‘ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืชืจืœ"ื”]. ืื-ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืงื™ืคืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืœื ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื“ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืฉืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืจืฉืข ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื” ืžืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ [ืคืจืง ื™ื—]. ื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืชื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื›ืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื›"ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ).
โ€ƒ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”: ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”- ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื›ื•ืชืจืช: ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื›"ื“ ื—ืœืง ื'
ืžืฉื ื”: ื›"ื“ ื›ืกืœื• ื”ืชืฉืข"ื–



ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื”
ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืชื›ืœื™ืชื•
ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึธื“ึธื ืคึผื•ึนืขึตืœ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื—ึปื™ึผึธื‘* ืฉืึถื™ึผึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืฉืึฐืœึตืžื•ึผืช ืชึผึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผึธืชึธื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถื›ึฐืจึตื—ึท, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื•ึผื‘ึธืึนืคึถืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทืชึผึทื›ึฐืœึดื™ืช ื”ึทืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึธืŸ, ื”ึฒืœึนื ืชึดืจึฐืึถื” ื”ึธืจื•ึนืคึตื ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฆึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืคึผึนืœ ื˜ึธืขื•ึผืช ืœึนื ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืœึถื”, ื•ึฐืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ืชึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืื•ึผืช ื”ึทืžึฐื›ึปื•ึผึถื ึถืช, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืขื•ึนื‘ึตื“ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืจึธืื•ึผื™, ื•ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐืจึทืข ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื•ึฐืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืžึฐืชึปืงึผึถื ึถืช ื›ึผึธืจึธืื•ึผื™, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฆึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ื”ึทื–ึผึถืจึทืข, ื•ึฐืกึดื‘ึผึทืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืžึฐื‘ึนืึถืจึถืช, ืฉืึถื”ึทืคึผื•ึนืขึตืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืื•ึผืช ืึตื™ื ึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึธืจื•ึนืคึตื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืœึถื” ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธืจื•ึนืคึตื ื•ึฐื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึทืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืคึผื•ึนืขึตืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื‘ึตื“ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึตืŸ ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนื‘ึตื“ ื•ึฐื”ึทื˜ึผึถื‘ึทืข.

ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช
ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื•ึผื‘ึธืขึตืช ื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื™, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐืงึปื‘ึผึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืึถืœึผึธื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื”ึทืกึผึทืคึผึธืŸ ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืกึฐืคึดื™ื ึธืชื•ึน ืžึฐืชึปืงึผึถื ึถืช ื›ึผึธืจึธืื•ึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทื ึฐื”ึดื™ื’ึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื”ึทื ึฐื”ึธื’ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึตืจึตื“ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธื ื‘ึผึธืขึตืช ื”ึธืจึธืื•ึผื™, ื•ึฐืขึดื ื›ึผึธืœ ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ืชึดืฆึฐืœึทื— ื”ึทืกึผึฐืคึดื™ื ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื—ึตืคึถืฅ, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึทืกึฐื›ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธื–ึถื” ืจึฐืฆื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ, ืึดื ืขึทืœ ืฆึทื“ ื”ึธืขึนื ึถืฉื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืงึผึธืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื™ื•ึนื ึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืขึทืœ ืฆึทื“ ื”ึทื”ึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึธื—ึธื” ืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื‘, ืœึฐืกึดื‘ึผึธื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืกึผึดื‘ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื ึผึดื–ึฐื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืคึถืจึถืง ื™"ื’ ืžึดื–ึผึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทืึฒืžึธืจ, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืคึผึฐืขึธืžึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืชึฐืงึปื‘ึผึทืœ ืึดื ืขึทืœ ืฆึทื“ ื”ึธืขึนื ึถืฉื ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ืžึนืฉืึถื”, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืงึทื‘ึผึตืœ ืžื•ึผื›ึธืŸ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทืคึฐืฆึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึดืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืคึผึฐืขึปืœึผื•ึนืช ืžื•ึนืจื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื”ึทื›ึฐื ึธืขึธื”, ื›ึผึฐืชึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช ืื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉืึทืช ืฉื‚ึทืง ื›ึผึฐืึทื ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื ึดื™ื ึฐื•ึตื”, ื•ึฐื›ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึทืœึผึธืœื•ึผ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื‘ึผึตืึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐืึดื* ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึธื ืžื•ึนื ึตืขึท ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื–ึดื›ึฐืจื•ึนื ึธื ืœึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืชึฐืงึทื‘ึผึฐืœึธื” ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึทืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึธืขึตืช ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืžึฐืœึนืšึฐ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื ื•ึนื’ึทืขึทืช ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒื‘ึถืจึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึดืžึฐืœึนื ื ึดื™ืžึธื* [ืฉื‘ืช ืœ.], ื•ึฐืึดื ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทืžึฐื‘ึปืงึผึธืฉื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ, ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฆึทื“ ื”ึทื”ึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึธื—ึธื” ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึนื ืชึฐืงึปื‘ึผึทืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืชึผึนืืžึทืจ ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืขึฒื‘ื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึฐืงึปื‘ึผึทืœ ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน, ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ื”ึฑื™ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืจึธืขึดื™ื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึดื™ื ืœึทื”ึฒืžึดื™ืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืึทื‘ึฐืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ืฉืึถื‘ึผึดืงึผึตืฉื ืœึฐื”ึธืžึดื™ืช ืึถืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื“ ืžึธืžื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฉืึถื”ึทืžึผึธืžื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืกึดื‘ึผึทืช ืžื•ึนืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืžึทืึฒืžึทืจ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ืขึนืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึธืžื•ึผืจ ืœึดื‘ึฐืขึธืœึธื™ื• ืœึฐืจึธืขึธืชื•ึน" [ืงื”ืœืช ื”, ื™ื‘], ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืกึดื‘ึผึทืช ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ืจึธืชื•ึน, ื›ึผึฐืžึทืึฒืžึทืจ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”: "ืคึผึถืŸ ืึถืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื•ึฐื›ึดื—ึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืžึดื™ ื”'" [ืžืฉืœื™ ืœ, ื˜], ืื•ึน ืœึฐืกึดื‘ึผึธื” ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช ื ึดืกึฐืชึผึถืจึถืช ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื•ึดื™ื“ื•ึผืขึธื” ืึตืฆึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึทืšึฐ.
____________________________________
ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื—ึปื™ึผึธื‘ โ€“ ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—. ื•ึฐืึดื โ€“ ืื•. ื›ึผึดืžึฐืœึนื ื ึดื™ืžึธื โ€“ ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜.


ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื
ื”ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืžื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช. ื”ืจื•ืคื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื ืืžื ื”, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื ืžืฆื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื‘ื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชื ื• ื™ืฉ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช 'ื˜ื‘ืข', ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”.
ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืงื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื”. ืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ืขื“ื”, ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื›ืกื™ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉืžืžื ื” ื›ืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช.
ื›ืขืช ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ื”'. ืœื›ืŸ, ืืฃ ืื ืื“ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช 'ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช'. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืงื‘"ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื:
ืขื•ื ืฉ โ€“ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ึตื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ. ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ โ€“ ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•. ืžื•ื ืข ืื—ืจ โ€“ ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืื• ืœื. ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžืช ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืžืžืœื ืชืคื™ืœืชื•.
ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื’ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”'. ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืžืœึดื‘ื ื• ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืืœื ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”' ื‘ื—ืกื“ื• ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื“ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ื“ื• ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื•.

ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
โ€ข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”
ืื•ึน ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืกึดื‘ึผึทืช ื›ึผึฐืคึดื™ืจึธืชื•ึน. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ืžื•ื ื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช. ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื ืฉืžืขืช. ืœื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช, ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืื• ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ื”' ื”ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘. ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ.
ื”ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”?
ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื‘ืจื•ืš' ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ , ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืœืคื™ื•. ืื-ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช? ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”' ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื ื•. ืื™ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ [ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘, ื‘]. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื ื• ืžืฆื“ื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื, ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”" [ื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ืขืž' ื›ื–]. ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืฆื” ื”' ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉืชื ื”. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”', ืžืฆื™ื“ื• .
โ€ƒ





undefined

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • undefined
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined

    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il