ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
  • ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืชืฉืก"ื” ื ื—ื ืš ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืคืืจ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืช"ื•. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. 1 ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ื ื—ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืขื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืช"ื•, ื•ื”ื—ืจื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื. 2

ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื’:
ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืงื ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื˜ ืข"ื‘, ื ืืžืจ:
ืชื ื™ื, ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืงื ื” ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื ื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื โ€“ ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘.
ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช?

ื. ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
ื”ืื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ื–ื• ื‘ืจื›ื”? ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืื’ื™ื– (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืกื™' ืงืขื˜) ื›ืชื‘:
ืฉืืœื”: ืงื”ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื• ืฉืงื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ? ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉ"ืฅ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื: ื‘ื"ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘. ื•ืื ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื‘ื ืื•ื”ื• ื ืจืื” ื ืžื™ ื“ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ, ื“ืคื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื• ืœื›ืืŸ.
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืกื•ืคืจ (ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื ื’) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืื’ื™ื–, ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื’ืจืข ืžื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ:
ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืงื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืœื™ื” ืงื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืžื ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื• ืžื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืงื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื”ื ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•. ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื ืืœื ืกืคืง, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื•. 3
ืœืคื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื•, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื•, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื•, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•.
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืกื•ืคืจ (ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงื ื•) ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืฉื ืฉืจืฃ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ:
ื•ื”ื ื” ื ื”ื™ืจื ื ืืœื•ืฃ ื ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื•ืจื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืžืขื ื“ืœ ืœื™ืœื’ ื–"ืœ ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืค"ืค ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•"ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื– ื›"ืฅ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืง"ืง ืคื™ื•ืจื“ื ื•ืชื—ืœืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื‘ืคืค"ื“, ื•ื›ืฉื ืกืข ืžืค"ืค ื•ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื•ืจื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื™ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ื“ื•ื“, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ืืœืงื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื•' (ืื• ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื ื”ื™ืจื ื), ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื–"ืœ ืžืกื•ืคืง ื•ื—ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื›ื "ืœ.
ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘:
ื ืจืื” ืžื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื–"ืœ ืžื“ืขืกื™ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื”ืื™ ืขื ื™ื ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ [ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘], ื•ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื‘ื™ืจืš, ื—ื“ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื›ื’, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ืฉืจืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ [ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘] ืฉื™ื™ืš, ื“ืืคื™ืœื• ืื”ืจื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” [ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœื ืข"ื] ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ื›ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืคืืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื‘ืจื›ื•.
ื•ืžืกื™ืง ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ:
ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• โ€“ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ืจืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ื“ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื™ื– ื›"ืฅ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.
ืœืคื™ื•, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืืš ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ืข ื–ืืช ื›ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืง.
ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ (ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื›ื’ ืก"ืง ื) ืฉื ื›ื— ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืœืคื™ื•, ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืื’ื™ื– ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืืš ืœื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ืืš ืœื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘.
ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” (ืกื™' ืจื›ื’ ืก"ืง ื™ื) ืคื•ืกืง ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘:
ืงื”ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื• ืงื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. 4
ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ืฉืืœื”, ืฉืื™ืœืชื ืงืขื, ืขืž' ืฉืœื˜, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•:
ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืชืคืืจืช ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืš ืื ืื“ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘. ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœืื’'ื™, ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืœื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื (ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืกื™' ืžื’), ื‘ืฉื ืกืคืจ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื (ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ื ื“ืฃ ืคื‘ ืข"ื’):
ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืกื›ืžืช ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ. 5
ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื“'. 6 ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ื–ื”ื• ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืงืœ.
ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื™ืœื‘ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื™ื ื™ื— ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ืืš ื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. 7 ื”ืจื‘ ืจืคืืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืฉื•"ืช ื ื”ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืฉื—ื ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ื•ืื—"ื› ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ.

ื‘. ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”
ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“ ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืœืคื•ืกืง ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ. ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืก"ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ื, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืจืขื–:
ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืข"ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”: ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื• ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘) ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘' ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ืžืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘' ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.
ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš:
ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืขื˜ ืžื—ืœืง ื‘, ืงื”ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื• ืื• ืงื ื• ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ื‘ื"ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ื•ืื ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื—ื–ืจื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื ืื•ื”ื• ื ืจืื” ื ืžื™ ื“ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ื“ืคื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื• ืœื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœืžื›ืจ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื•ืงื ื” ืขื›"ืœ, ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืข"ื• ืฉื. ื•ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื"ื™ ื•ื›ื•' ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” , ื“ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื›ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืฆื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจืคื‘, 8 ื•ืขื™' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื—ืœืง ื’ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชื™ื‘. 9
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืกืื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”. ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•?

ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื— ืข"ื‘:
ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ โ€“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”.
ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจื™"ืฃ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื’ ืข"ื‘ ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ), ื’ื•ืจืก:
ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”.
ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“ ืฉืื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, 10 ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืชื•.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืž"ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื"? ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื–ืงืง ืจ"ื™ ืืกืื“ ืœื ื™ืžื•ืง ื–ื”, ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ (ืฉืืžื ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืชื•)?
ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“, ืื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ ื•ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•. 11
ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื—ืจืช ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื‘ื"ื™ = ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”', ืœืงืจื•ื: ื‘ื"ื™ = ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื‘ื"ื™, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“: ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (14 ืžื•ืคืขื™ื). ืœืžืขื˜ ืคืขื ืื—ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืงืกื˜), ื›ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืื’ื™ื– ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”. ืฉื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: "ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื‘ืจืš: ื‘ื"ื™ ืืž"ื” ืืงื‘"ื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ื‘ืฉื"ื (=ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•)". ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' " ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœืกื™ื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘.
ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื• ืฉื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, ื•ืื– ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืžืงืชื• ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื“ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". 12 ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื–ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช. 13
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื‘ื"ื™ 37 ืคืขืžื™ื. ื’ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื: ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื: ื‘ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข (ื‘ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ืคืจืขืชื™ืš, ืื•: ื‘ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ืœื•ืชื ื™). ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœืœื ืจืืฉื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื”, ื•ื’ื ืื– ืืœื• ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื—ื–"ืœ.
ืœื ืจืง ื–ืืช, ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“ (ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ื, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื›), ื‘ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืื—ืจืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš:
ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื’ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืจืืชื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื•ื“ืื™ ืื ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืชืจืื™ ื”ื "ืœ....
ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื’ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ืคืจื™ ืื• ื‘ื’ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช โ€“ ืืš ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, "ื“ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื—ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื". ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช (ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ื, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื™ื“), ื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘:
ื˜ืขื ืฉื™ืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื˜ ืข"ื: ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื"ื™ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืžื™ื ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— "ื•ื ืœื•ื• ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื”ืจื• ืืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื" ืœื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘': "ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“' ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจื™ื", ืจืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืชืจื—ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื• ืžืื“ "ื•ื ืฉื ืžื’ื‘ืขื•ืช" ืžืฉื•ื "ื•ื ื”ืจื• ืืœื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื".
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช (ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ื, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืœื’) ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืคืจืฆื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื‘ืžื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืกืฃ โ€“ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช:
ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืžืœืชื ื›ื™ ืœืืœื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”. [ื] ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืžืงื•ื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืงื•ื“ื ืžืงื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช, ื“ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื“ื™ืจ. [ื‘] ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืค"ื˜. ื•ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื“ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื•ืื”ื™ ืœื”ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜" ืืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”' ื ืงืจื ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืœืจื•ืžื ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื”ื™ื ื•" ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”' ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. [ื’] ื•ื’ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช. [ื“] ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื• ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืชืคืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืชื“ื™ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื”... ืื ื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื’ื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื.
ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื‘ื•ืœื˜. ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ืขื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื–ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืœื ืฆื—, ื•ื”ื (ืื• ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื) ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืš ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘:
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ืื”ื™ ืœื”ื ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜" (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื™ื, ื˜ื–), ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ: "ืืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื˜ ืข"ื). ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืžืขื•ืŸ ืืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืœื ื•" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืฆ, ื) ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืกืชื: ืืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช" (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื). ื•ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืจืง ืœื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื"ื™. ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจืง ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข. 14
ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ืฉื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“.
ืกื™ื›ื•ื
ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“, ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”. 15

ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื ืช"ื•. ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืื—ื™ื–ืชื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืžืขื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื ืฆื—ื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืฆื‘ื™ ืคื ืงืก, ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื’ื‘ืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ืขืจืš ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื: "ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช":
ืขื ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ืชื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”' ื”ืจื•ืžืžื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืชื ื• ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื ื•, ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื ื• ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ืืžืชืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื” ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ื–ืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื•ืชื ื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืงืจื ืช ืชื•ืงืคืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ืฆืคื™ื™ืชื ื• ื•ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื ื• ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื ื• ื•ืชืคืืจืชื ื• "ืืฉืจ ื”ืœืœื•ืš ื‘ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•" "ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืžืš ื•ืฆืืŸ ืžืจืขื™ืชืš ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœืชืš". 16
ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื” ื—ืจื‘, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ. ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื™ื‘ื ื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ, ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ื”ื, ืื›ื™"ืจ.




^ 1.. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืจื’ืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื ืขืฉื” ื™ื“ ื•ืฉื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื”ื™"ื“, ืฉืคืจืกื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช. ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš: ืžืœื™ืœื•ืช, ื (ืชืฉื "ื—), ืงืจื™ืช ืืจื‘ืข: "ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืก"ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช", ืขืž' 413-416; "ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช", ืขืž' 429-432; "ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›ื "ืก", ืขืž' 432-433; "ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช", ืขืž' 439-443.
^ 2.. ืจืื”: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ, "ื”ืจื™ืกืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ", ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื›ื• (ืชืฉืก"ื•), ืขืž' 23-36; ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืืก, "ืกืชื™ืจืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ", ืฉื, ืขืž' 37-43.
^ 3.. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง (ืฉื•"ืช ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืคื˜, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืžื–), ื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ. ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ืœืง, ืื–ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ืจืš, "ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื ืฉืชืชืคื• ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ืจื•ื‘ืœ-ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ื™ื“ืŸ, ื•ืฉืคื™ืจ ื“ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ืœืขื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืจืก, ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ืฉื–ื™ื›ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืขืฆื ืžืฆื•ืชื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš".
^ 4.. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ื: ื”ื‘ืืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื ืก"ืง ื˜; ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืกื™' ืกื“, ื; ื”ืจื‘ ืคื ื—ืก ื˜ื•ืœื“ื ื•, ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื, ื• (ืชืฉืž"ื”), ืขืž' ื ื’, ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืš ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ; ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืš, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™' ืงืžื”, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื’, ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”; ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื“ืจื•ืง, ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜, ืขืž' ื-ื•. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“: ื”ืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ, "ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ", ืขืœื™ ืชืžืจื™ื, ื• (ืชืฉื "ื“), ืขืž' ืจื•-ืจื—.
^ 5.. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ื: ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจ"ื ืฉื™ืง ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืฉืขื“; ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื›ื’; ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™, ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื“ ื”ืœื•ื™, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืœื–. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืก, "ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืจื•ืžืžื•ืš", ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ืขืž' ื ื’, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจ"ื— ืงื ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
^ 6.. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื•: ืžื’"ื ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื›ื’ ืก"ืง ื”; ื—ื™ื“"ื, ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื›ื‘ ืก"ืง ื‘; ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื›ื‘; ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื™ ืื•ืช ื—, ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉ, ืจืื”: ื”ืจื‘ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืžืืจ, ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉ"ืก, ืขืž' ืฆื—-ืงื™ื, ืจื›ื–.
^ 7.. ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื: ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงื , ื˜ื•, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื›ื’, ื˜ื•; ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“, ืืกื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืื•ืช ื™ื‘; ื”ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ืื‘ื•ืจื‘ื™ืข, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ืกื™' ืจื›ื”; ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ, ื˜ ืกื™' ื™ื—; ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืขืž' ืจืœ, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ ืขืž' ืชืงืฆื•; ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ืงื™ืŸ, "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช", ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื, ื• (ืชืฉืž"ื”), ืขืž' ื ื-ื ื’, ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช "ืžืขืœื”" ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœื‘ื•ื™ื, "ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ", ืขื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, (ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉ"ื), ืขืž' ืจื“-ืจื”; ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฉืขื™' ื‘ืœื•ื™, ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืคื˜, ืคืจืง ื™ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜ื– ื”ืข' ืœื’; ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœื•ื™, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื—- ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ืขืž' ื ื—, ืชื -ืชื ื’.
^ 8.. ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื”, ื—ืœืง ื, ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืจืคื‘, ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ืืกืื“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืืจื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
^ 9.. ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
^ 10.. ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•, ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™: ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ, "ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”", ืขืž' 427-435.
^ 11.. ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืืžื•ื ืช ืขื™ืชืš, 63 (ืื™ื™ืจ-ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื”), ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ื– ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื™ืจื ื™ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื•' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืก"ื”, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื.
^ 12.. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื•ื›ื•' " ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกืื“: "ื•ืœืขื "ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื"ื™ ื•ื›ื•' ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื”". ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืžื– ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื‘ืจืš, ืืœื ืฉื”ืฉ"ืฆ ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื.
^ 13.. ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืง, ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื”, ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืื•ืช ืง ืขืž' ืชื›ื‘, ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืš ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช, "ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื›ืžื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื— ืข"ื) ืขืœ ื“ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ ืœื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืื”ื ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ืจืื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ: "ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘, ืขืž' ืฆื-ืฆื“.
^ 14.. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง, "ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘", ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™ื”, ืขืž' 246-247. ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ืกื™' ืฆื•, ื‘ (ืขืž' ืงืคื“).
^ 15.. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืก, "ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืจื•ืžืžื•ืš", ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ืขืž' ืค ื”ืข' ื˜, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขืž' ืงืœื’ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื–ื™ื ื’ืจ, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืืกืื“. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, "ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•", ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜, ืขืž' 77-97, ื“ืŸ ืžื” ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘, ื•ื“ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฆื™ื‘ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœืžื ื” ื‘ืขืช ืจืื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืš ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ื—ื ื•ื›ืชื•.
^ 16.. ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื•ืง, "ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืœื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘, ืขืž' ืฆื“.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il