ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืืจืฅ ืื’ื“ื”
  • ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 46 ื“ืง' ื”ืื–ื ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืžืจืช ืจื—ืœ ื‘"ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื

ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”, ื”"ื‘) ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื‘ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืจื’ื•ืžืŸ:
"ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื (ืฉื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื). ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืขื™ืจื• ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืกื•ืคืจ, ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืกื“ืจ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื˜ืจื˜ื™ืจื•ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื•ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืงืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ืชืื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉืงื“ื ืœื•. ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืงื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ื”ืชืื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉื•ืช ืขื™ืกืชืŸ ื•ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืชืคืœืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืžื™ืฆื•. ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื•ื—ื•ืจืฉ, ื•ื‘ืจื—ื” ืคืจืชื• ืžืคื ื™ื•. ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืฆื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ, ืจืฆื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ, ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ืฆืืช ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื‘ืืช ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื–ื•. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืจืื” ืœื ื•. ื™ืฆื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•".

ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžื”ืœื•ืœ ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื™ืจ ืขืงืจื‘ืช, ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื, ื•ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืคืจ ืฉืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช? ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืœืฉื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชืŸ ืœื“ืจืš? ื”ืœื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืœื•ื“ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื! (ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘).

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ื™ ืœืืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉ"ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•, ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื•". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื—ืคื•ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืื“, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื ืขืœืžื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื: "ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: 'ื’ึผึธื“ึทืจ ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึธื–ึดื™ืช, ื ึฐืชึดื™ื‘ื•ึนืชึดื™ ืขึดื•ึผึธื”" (ืื™ื›ื” ื’, ื˜).

ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืชืžื™ื”ื™ื. ื’ื ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืœืจื“ืช ื’ืื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืœื”, ืงืฆืจื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื”, ืชืืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื•ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉืจื” ืžืœื•ื“ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืงืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื‘ืฆืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื.

ืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ืš ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช, ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื ืฉื•ืช ืœื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช, ื ืขืœื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื”?!

ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื‘ืก ื•ืžื ืงื” (ื ึทืงึผึทืื™)
ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืืœืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉื ื’ืœื” "ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—" ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื’ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื•ื– ืœืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืขืžื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืขืคืœื” ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ื—ื ื™.

ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ (ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื”) ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืžื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
"ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื“ืข ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ืจืžื–ื•ื ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ... ื•ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ ืื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื™ื™, ืืœื ื”ืกื•ื“ ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืจืžื•ื– ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื ื™ื’ืจืข ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจืžื– ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืœื™ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉื•ื”ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื• ืœื. ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื".

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™, ืฉื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื›ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื• 1 . ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืœึฐื‘ื•ึผืฉืึตื™ื”ึผ ื›ึผึดืชึฐืœึทื’ ื—ึดื•ึผึธืจ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืขึทืจ ืจึตืืฉืึตื”ึผ ื›ึผึทืขึฒืžึทืจ ื ึฐืงึตื" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื–, ื˜), ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: "ืœื‘ื•ืฉื• ื›ืฉืœื’ ืœื‘ืŸ, ื•ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื• ื›ืฆืžืจ ื ืงื™". ื•ื›ืš ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™: (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืชืชืžื–):
"ื”' ืžืœืš ื’ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืฉ ... ืฉื‘ืขื” ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืฉ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื™ื ... ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ...; ื•ืื—ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื” ื›ืชืœื’ ื—ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ื” ื›ืขืžืจ ื ืงื:

ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื™ืช ื ึทืงึผึทืื™, ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืฉืžื ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ื–ืจืช ื ื—ื™ ืœ"ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉ"ื‘ึผึทื ึผึทืื™" ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื›ืš ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืœืื›ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ. ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”', ื•ืฉืžื• ืžื’ืœื” ืœื ื• ืžื”ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื "ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ" ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ืžืคืืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืงืื™ ืขื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื’ื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืจืืฉื• ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื ืงื™ ื›ืฆืžืจ, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื• ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื ึทืงึผึทืื™ "ื”ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื" (ื›ืžื• ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืขื˜ ื“"ื” ื•ื™ื—ืŸ ืขื ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื“, ื).

ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ื•, ื) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉ"ื”ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื" ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื. ืœืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืฉื ืงืจื "ื”ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื" ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’, ื- ื›ื“):
"ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืฉืึนืœึตื—ึท ืžึทืœึฐืึธื›ึดื™ ื•ึผืคึดื ึผึธื” ื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ ื•ึผืคึดืชึฐืึนื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœื•ึน ื”ึธืึธื“ื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึทืœึฐืึทืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึถื ื—ึฒืคึตืฆึดื™ื ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื‘ึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐ-ื‘ึธืื•ึนืช: ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืžึฐื›ึทืœึฐื›ึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนื ื‘ึผื•ึนืื•ึน ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื”ึธืขึนืžึตื“ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืจึธืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื›ึผึฐืึตืฉื ืžึฐืฆึธืจึตืฃ ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึนืจึดื™ืช ืžึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึฐืกึดื™ื: ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึทื‘ ืžึฐืฆึธืจึตืฃ ื•ึผืžึฐื˜ึทื”ึตืจ ... ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืฉืึนืœึตื—ึท ืœึธื›ึถื ืึตืช ืึตืœึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ื”' ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื: ื•ึฐื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืœึตื‘ ืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึตื‘ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ืคึผึถืŸ ืึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึผึตื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื—ึตืจึถื:"

ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืคื ื” ื•ืžืฆืจืฃ ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื•ืžื›ื‘ืก ( ื›ึฐื‘ึนืจึดื™ืช ืžึฐื›ึทื‘ึผึฐืกึดื™ื ) ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”' ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช; ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื, ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื. ื•ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืœืขืžืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืขืžืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ื ืืœื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื”.

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืฉืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘"ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” "ื•ึฐื›ึดื‘ึผึถืก" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื’, ื•) ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื•ื˜ื‘ืœ" ื‘ืžืงื•ื•ื”-ื˜ื”ืจื” ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืžืชืจื’ื "ื•ื™ืฆื‘ืข"; ื•ื”"ืžื’ื“ืœ" ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื›ื” (ื“, ื—) ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืฉื ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื›"ืžืฉื™ื—". ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื‘"ืžื’ื“ืœ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื", ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™, ืฉืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื˜ื”ืจ (ืฆื‘"ืข) ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— (ืžื’ื“ืœ). ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ึทืงึผึทืื™. 2 ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืฉื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืืจ "ื›ื•ื‘ืก", ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœืœืžื“ ืฉื ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื.

ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืงื“ืฉ
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืืžื ื "ืžื•ืฆื‘ ืืจืฆื”", ืื•ืœื ืจืืฉื• "ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื”", ืืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืจืžื–ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ืงืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ืชืื ื™ื, ืืš ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืขืžืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ืืจืฆื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืฆืœื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื, ื”ืขืžืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจืฆื™, ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ื‘ืขืฆื ืขืžืœื ื”ื ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื”ืขืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื•ื“, ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ึถืขึธืžึธืœ ื‘ืœื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื—ื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื”, ื‘ืขืช ื”ืœื™ืฉื”, ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ื•ืืฉืจ ืœื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœื ืจืื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžื˜ื ืคืช ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื, ืจืื” ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืžืœ ื–ื” ืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื. ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ื–ื™ืขื” ืื• ืคื™ื—, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืงื™, ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆืžืจ ื”ื ืงื™ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื ื™ืืœ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืžืชืœื‘ืฉ" ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืขืžืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

"ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื”", ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื™ืœืชื• ื–ื•, ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™, ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืืžืจืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช "ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื“ืš, ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืš ื”ืจื™ ืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ื˜ืข ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ื•ืื—"ื› ืฆื ื•ื”ืงื‘ื™ืœื•", (ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ ื ื•ืกื—ื ื‘, ืœื) ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื”ืžื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืขืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืคื ื™ื•.

"ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืกื•ืคืจ, ื”ืžืœืžื“ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื”", ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, "ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืกื“ืจ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืžื—ื™ืœื”" ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืชืจ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื‘). ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžื‘ืกืกื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ืจื– ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืช.

ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืคื™ืกื™ืช, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืžื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื ืžืฆื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื’ืœ ืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™ (ื“"ื” "ืขื•ื“"):
"ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืชึผึฐื—ึทื™ึผึถื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื”" (ืงื”ืœืช ื–, ื™ื‘): ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื, ื) 'ื’ื•ืคื ื‘ืชืจ ืจื™ืฉื ื’ืจื™ืจื' (ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืืฉ)".


ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขึดื•ึผึธื”
ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขืžืœ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืงืฅ, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•"ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื" ืฉื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืจื•ืื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฅ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืš ื’ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ืžื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœ ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืœ"ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ" ื–ื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ืŸ, ืฉืจืง ื”ื‘ืœ ืคื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืœื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื˜ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›"ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉ". ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืžืชืขืœื ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›"ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ"; ื•ืœื“ืขืชื•, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืขืžืœ ื”ืžืคืจืš ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™: (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจืžื– ืชืชืงืฆื) "ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” 'ื–ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื–ื” ืจืขื™' (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”, ื˜ื–), ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื' (ืฉื)". ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื" ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื•, ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ื‘ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืขืžืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืชื™ื‘ื ื” ื’ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื”. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื”, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืจืจ: ื”ืื ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืžืชืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ืขื” ื–ื•?

ื›ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ืื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฉ ืฉืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืคืจืชื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื—ื–ืจื”. ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื ืขื ื” ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทืื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืชื•ืจืชื• ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืขืžื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื™ืฉ, ืืœื ืฉื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืžืœื• ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื›ืš, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจื“ืฃ ืฉืœื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจื”, "ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืคืชืื•ื" ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘"ื‘ื‘ืœ".

ื‘ื–ืืช ืžืจืžื–ืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ืคื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืœ"ื‘ื‘ืœ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช; ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืฉ"ื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืŸ" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื‘, ื™ื˜).

ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง
ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืชื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืงืื™?
ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ื•, ื) ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื“ื•ืžื”. ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉ"ื”ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื" ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ืฉื‘ืื’ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช (ืœื“ ื) ื™ืฉ ื”ืคื›ืคื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ "ื”ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื", ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื.
ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื–ื” ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื ื‘ืชืจื ืกื™' ืกื—), ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
"ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื ื“ืžื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืš, ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืžืฉ, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ืœื• ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื, ื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš:"

ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื”ืขืœื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืจืื” ืœืขืžืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื–ื•ื— ื“ืขืชื, ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืจืื” ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”.

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ, ืฉื‘ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืกืชืชืจืช ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืงืฉื” ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจืฅ ืชืจื•ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™. ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื ืกืชืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ื• ืžืžืขืžืงื™ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื›ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•, ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขึดื•ึผึธื”", ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืงื˜ืจื’ืช ื•ืคื•ืกืœืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจืชื”, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื“ืจืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืฉื›ื™ืœ ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื•ืชืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.

ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื ื•, "ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื" ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ืžืจื—ืคืช ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื• ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื›ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•, ื•ื ื’ื ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื’ื“ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขึดื•ึผึธื”", ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืชืœืžื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื•ืชืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.


^ 1 ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื”ื” ืจ' ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ (ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ืœืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื”ืขืจื” ืงืขื˜) ืžื” ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™.
^ 2 ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ึทืงึผึทื™ื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื’, ื ื•ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœ ืฉื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื›170 ืฉื ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืจืฉื‘"ื™.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il