ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื•ื”ื’ื“ืช ืœื‘ื ืš
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
2014
6 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
1 ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืœื“' ืื—ื“, ืžืขื ืื—ื“
ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื“' ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืขื, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื ื“'. ืขื ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื“' ืื—ื“: "ืืชื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžืš ืื—ื“ ื•ืžื™ ื›ืขืžืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ". ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' (ืคืจืง ืก ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ืคืจืง ืœื•) ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื—, ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ืžื•ื ื” ืื—ื“-ืขืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืœืžื“ื ื•: ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืœื“' ืื—ื“, ืžืขื ืื—ื“. ื ืžื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื:
ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•: "ืขืœ ื›ืจืขื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ื•" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื˜) ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ื.
ื‘. "ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“ ื™ืื›ืœ" (ืฉื ืžื•) ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืงื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืื›ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
ื’. ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ื’ื™ืœื• ืžืกืžืœ ืื—ื“ื•ืช.
ื“. ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ืื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื•ื˜ื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ.
ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืฉืœื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ืžืคืจืง ื•ืžืคื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืงืฉื” ื•ืžื’ื‘ืฉืช ืื•ืชื•.
ื•. "ืขืฆื ืœื ืชืฉื‘ืจื• ื‘ื•" (ืฉื), ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช.

ืฆืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืกื— ืขื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื”?
ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืœื™ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืœื™ื™ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื”. ื›ืš ืžืชืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื™, ื™ื) ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื—:
ื›ืฉืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื—, ื—ื•ืชืš ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืชืš ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจืง ื•ืžืคืจืงืŸ ืื ืจืฆื”, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื• ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื• ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ืงื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื ืฆื•ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœื.

ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžืฉื™ื’ ืขืœ ืืชืจ:
ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื” ืฉื™ืฆืœื” ื”ืคืกื— ืขื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ื•ืขื ืฉืžื ื• ื•ืขื ืชืจื‘ื ื“ืชื•ืชื™ ืžืชื ื (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขื ื”ื—ึตืœึถื‘) ื•ืขื ืงืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืื ืื–ื›ื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืคืกื— ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ื• ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืœืคื ื™ื•.

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”'ืžืฉื ืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ' (ืœืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื–'ื•ืœื˜ื™, ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคืกื—, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื“) ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื ื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืจืžื‘"ื ื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื•ื•ืชื” ืœืฆืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื“ ื•ืฉืžื ื•. ืœืจืื‘"ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฆืœื•ืชื• ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื’ื ืœื’ื™ื“ ื•ืœืฉืžื ื• ื•ืœื—ึตืœึถื‘ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”. ื”'ืžืฉื ืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ' ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืขื•ื“, ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ืื ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื ืื›ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืœื•ื™. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ืฉื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ืชื•, ืฉืœื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืื›ืœื™ื. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืœื•ืช ืจืง ืžื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ืžื ื—ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง' (ื—ืœืง ื•, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืข) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืฆื ืฉื”ื’ื™ื“ ืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขืฆื ืžืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืขืฆื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื—, ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืขืฆื. ื•ืœื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ืฉื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคืกืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื‘ื• ืื‘ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ืจ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื”ืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื”, ื— ื•ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ืœืง ื, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื–), ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื• ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“.

ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“' ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืื—ื“
ืขืจืš ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžืจื•: "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืœื•ื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื—, ื•), ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ืืช ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืคื ื™ื ื˜ืžื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืคื ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื“ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื "ืืชื” ื“' ืชืฉืžืจื" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื‘, ื—), ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื ื•ืคืœื™ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•, ื‘).
ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืœื•: ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื? ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ืœื ื›ืคืจื• ื‘ื“' ืืœื ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื“' ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ: "ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืชื ืคืกื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขืคื™ื ืื ื“' ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ืื ื”ื‘ืขืœ ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•" (ืžืœื›ื™ื-ื ื™ื—, ื›ื). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื“' ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืžื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคืกื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชืจืชื™ ื“ืกืชืจื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื˜. ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืื– ื”ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื“' ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ื—ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.
ื›ืš ื’ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” [ื›ื“ื•ืจ] ืื ื•ืฉ - ืžื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ืœื•" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ืข"ื‘). ื•ืงืฉื”: ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช? ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื•ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“' ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ื’ื ื ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข.
ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื“', ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื˜ืฉื˜ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืชื”. ืืš ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ.
ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ืคืจืขื” ื”ืงืจื™ื‘" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“, ื™) ืฉืคืจืขื” ืงืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ื, ื”). ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ืคืจืขื” ืฉืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืกื›ืŸ ื•ื™ืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“, ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื”. ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื ื• ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•.

ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช
ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื“' ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื‘ื“ื•. ื”ื›ืจื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืžื’ืžื” ืื—ืช, ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ. ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื• ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช.
ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืžื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืจื‘ ืขื ืืฉืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื‘ ืขื ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’, ืืœื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชืคื™ื™ืก ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืชื—.
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื•ืœื”: ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ื™ื. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื”: ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื”. ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจืืฉื™ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™. ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื›ืจืข ื”ืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื›ืจืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•, ืจืžื– ืชื™ื—). ื›ืš ืื“ื ืฉืžืื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืื—ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืงื˜ื ื”" (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—, ื—): "ื–ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืื™ื—ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื˜, ื’). ื‘ืžื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ืื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื? ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื“' ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื“.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืงืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืžืฉื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื™ืชืื—ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื“', ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“. ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืงืจื‘ืช ืืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžื’ืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช.



^ 1.. ื“ืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืชืฉืก"ื— ื•ืชืฉืข"ื.

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ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

ืจืืฉ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืจื•ืฅ 7. ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืœืื™ื ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.
ื•ื”ื’ื“ืช ืœื‘ื ืš
ื•ื”ื’ื“ืช ืœื‘ื ืš
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
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    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื—ืงืช

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 606

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข

    ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืฉื. ืขืœ ื“ืช, ืจื ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื›ืจืžืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช

    ืžื’ืข ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ื—ืงืช

    ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืคืš ืœื ื™ื™ืจ ื—ืกืจ ืขืจืš?

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    ืœื ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ืฆืžื™ื—ื”

    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืกืคืจืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ: ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™

    ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืกื“ืŸ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืฆื‘ื

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”

    ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

    ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืข | ื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืช | ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื | ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ื‘ืจื "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช-ืค"ืฉ ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช

    ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืžื”ื™ ืฉืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื” | ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื• | ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื ื—ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืœ ืขืžื“ื•, ื•ืจืง ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ืžืœืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื“ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื• | ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฆื— ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“!

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช

    ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’' ืคืกืงื” ื”-ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื•ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืฉืฉื™ืื• ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืจืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืœืื•ืจ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™

    ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจื™ื

    ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืคืกืงื” ื–'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืชื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื”, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื“ืจืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืขืœ-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ | ื›"ื’ ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช

    ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืกื“ืจ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœื ื“ืจื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื“ืžื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื›ืœื™, ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื”, ืคืกืงื” ื–-ื—

    ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•- ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘: ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื‘' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    30 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกืœืข ืื• ื”ื›ืืชื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    10 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื - ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    1:00
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ื—ืงืช ืชืฉืค"ื• โ€“ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    23 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ "ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช, ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืชื•ืš ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืืจืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœืŸ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • undefined
    35 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช

    ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    7 ื“ืง'
    ื›ื”ื ื™ื

    ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    34 ื“ืง'
    ื—ืงืช

    ืกื•ื“ ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื”ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืฉืžื— ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘"ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจ" ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื’' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืค"ื•
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    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ.ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ

    ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื”

    ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” - ืžืืžืจ "ื ืื“ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ" ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“'

    ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ืฉื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ืœ' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il