ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš
  • ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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13 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 60 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”
ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœืืกืชืจ ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืœึทืžึฐื ึทืฆึผึตื—ึท ืขึทืœ ืึทื™ึผึถืœึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื—ึทืจ ืžึดื–ึฐืžื•ึนืจ ืœึฐื“ึธื•ึดื“" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘ ื). ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืฉืื™ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืžื– ืœื’ืื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืžืฉืœืช ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื–ื•ืจื— ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ. "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึทื™ึผึธื ืจึทื‘ึผึธื” ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืขื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื—ึฒืœึทืคึฐืชึผึธื ื‘ึผึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™: ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ื”ึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธืชึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” ืงึดืžึฐืขึธื ืงึดืžึฐืขึธื ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึถื”ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนืœึถื›ึถืช ื”ึดื™ื ื”ื•ึนืœึถื›ึถืช ื•ึผืžึตืึดื™ืจ. ืžึทืื™ ื˜ึทืขึฒืžึธื (ืžื™ื›ื” ื–) 'ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื”' ืื•ึนืจ ืœึดื™'" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื™ื•ืžื ืคืจืง ื’ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘). ื•ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืขื“ ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ื™ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึฐืจึคื•ึผื€ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึปึฃื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืœึพื”ึญ' ื›ึผึธืœึพืึทืคึฐืกึตื™ึพืึธึ‘ืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื™ึดึฝืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึฅื•ึผ ืœึฐึืคึธื ึถึ—ื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึธึฝืœึพืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึฅื•ึนืช ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึฝื: ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืœึทึญื”' ื”ึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื›ึธึ‘ื” ื•ึผึืžึนืฉืึตึ—ืœ ื‘ึผึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดึฝื" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื‘, ื›ื—-ื›ื˜).

ืึถืงึฐืจึธื ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒื ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื“ึปืžึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึดื™
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชืคืœืœืช ืืกืชืจ: "ืึตืœึดื™ ืึตืœึดื™ ืœึธืžึธื” ืขึฒื–ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธื ึดื™ ืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ืžึดื™ืฉืื•ึผืขึธืชึดื™ ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ืฉืึทืึฒื’ึธืชึดื™: ืึถืœึนื”ึทื™ ืึถืงึฐืจึธื ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒื ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื“ึปืžึดื™ึผึธื” ืœึดื™" (ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ ื‘-ื’). ื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“, ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“, ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืœืœืช ื•ืื•ืžืจืช: "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืจึฐื—ึทืง ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ืฆึธืจึธื” ืงึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนื–ึตืจ".
ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื•ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื—, ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจ ืืžื™ืชื™: "ืกึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึผื ึดื™ ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืึทื‘ึผึดื™ืจึตื™ ื‘ึธืฉืึธืŸ ื›ึผึดืชึผึฐืจื•ึผื ึดื™". ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœื˜ืจื•ืฃ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ืคึผึธืฆื•ึผ ืขึธืœึทื™ ืคึผึดื™ื”ึถื ืึทืจึฐื™ึตื” ื˜ึนืจึตืฃ ื•ึฐืฉืึนืึตื’", ื•ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžืฆืžื™ืช ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ: "ื›ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ื ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื›ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืชึธื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื‘ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึทื“ึผื•ึนื ึธื’ ื ึธืžึตืก ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ืžึตืขึธื™: ื™ึธื‘ึตืฉื ื›ึผึทื—ึถืจึถืฉื‚ ื›ึผึนื—ึดื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ ืžึปื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืง ืžึทืœึฐืงื•ึนื—ึธื™ ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒืคึทืจ ืžึธื•ึถืช ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐืชึตื ึดื™".

ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื”
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜ ืข"ื‘) ื›ื™ ืืกืชืจ ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื "ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดึ—ื™ ื”ึทืกึฐืชึผึตึจืจ ืึทืกึฐืชึผึดึคื™ืจ ืคึผึธื ึทื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ืขึทึฅืœ ื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืจึธืขึธึ–ื” ืึฒืฉืึถึฃืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธึ‘ื” ื›ึผึดึฃื™ ืคึธื ึธึ”ื” ืึถืœึพืึฑืœึนื”ึดึ–ื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดึฝื™ื". ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ: ื•ื”ืœื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธืึปึ›ื”ื•ึผ ืจึธืขึฅื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผึ–ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึ‘ื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึ™ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึฃื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ึ”ื•ึผื ื”ึฒืœึนึ—ื ืขึทึฃืœ ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพืึตึคื™ืŸ ืึฑืœึนื”ึทื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึดึ”ื™ ืžึฐืฆึธืึ–ื•ึผื ึดื™ ื”ึธืจึธืขึฅื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตึฝืœึผึถื”". ืื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื?
ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืกืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ื”ืกืชืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”. "ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึฒืจึธืขึธื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื‘ึฐื˜ึนื—ึท ื‘ืข"ื– ื™ึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืขื•ึนื“ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึถื, ืœึนื ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐืกึทืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธืื•ึผื ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฆึธืจื•ึนืช, ืจึทืง ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื” , ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐื˜ึธื—ึทืช ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื•".

ื™ื•ึนืฆึตืจ ืื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืจึตื ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืจึตื ืจึธืข ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื”
ื”ืกืชืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืคืจืขื” ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื”, ืฉื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืคื ื” ืœื”' ื‘ืฉืืœื”: "ืœึธืžึธื” ื”ึฒืจึตืขึนืชึธื” ืœึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื–ึผึถื” ืฉืึฐืœึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื ึดื™: ื•ึผืžึตืึธื– ื‘ึผึธืืชึดื™ ืึถืœ ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ื”ึตืจึทืข ืœึธืขึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฆึผึตืœ ืœึนื ื”ึดืฆึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื”, ื›ื‘-ื›ื’). ื”' ืžืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ืžืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฉ ืžืคืขื•ืœืช ืคืจืขื”.
ืžื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื›ืฉืœ. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” - ื™ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฆื—. ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื™ื: "ื”ึธืœึนึกืšึฐ ื•ึฐืงึธึฝืจึธืืชึธึฉ ื‘ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ึ™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดึœื ืœึตืืžึนึ—ืจ ื›ึผึนึšื” ืึธืžึทึฃืจ ื”ึ”' ื–ึธื›ึทึคืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐึ™ ื—ึถึฃืกึถื“ ื ึฐืขื•ึผืจึทึ”ื™ึดืšึฐ ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึทึ–ืช ื›ึผึฐืœื•ึผืœึนืชึธึ‘ื™ึดืšึฐ ืœึถื›ึฐืชึผึตึคืšึฐ ืึทื—ึฒืจึทื™ึ™ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธึ”ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืึถึ–ืจึถืฅ ืœึนึฅื ื–ึฐืจื•ึผืขึธึฝื”" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื‘, ื‘).

ื”ืกืชืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”
ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกืชืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืกืชืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกืชืจื” ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ึทืชึผึดืงึฐืจึฐื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื•ึทืชึผึทืขึทืžึฐื“ื•ึผืŸ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื”ึธืจ ื‘ึผึนืขึตืจ ื‘ึผึธืึตืฉื ืขึทื“ ืœึตื‘ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื—ืฉืึถืšึฐ ืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ึทืขึฒืจึธืคึถืœ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื™ื). ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื“ ืžืืฉ ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ืขื“ ืœื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืจืขื“ื”. "ื”' ื‘ึผึฐืฆึตืืชึฐืšึธ ืžึดืฉึผื‚ึตืขึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึทืขึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึดืฉึผื‚ึฐื“ึตื” ืึฑื“ื•ึนื ืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึธืขึธืฉืึธื” ื’ึผึทื ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื ึธื˜ึธืคื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ืขึธื‘ึดื™ื ื ึธื˜ึฐืคื•ึผ ืžึธื™ึดื".
ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื ืžืกื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ "ื”ึธืจึดื™ื ื ึธื–ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ื–ึถื” ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื” ื“. ื•ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกื— ื˜). ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืžืฉื” "ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึธืžื•ึผืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึนืื›ึฐืœึตื ื•ึผ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ึนืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืึดื ื™ึนืกึฐืคึดื™ื ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืขึท ืึถืช ืงื•ึนืœ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ื•ึธืžึธืชึฐื ื•ึผ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื” ื›ื‘). ืžืฉื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ื›ื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ืœืจื•ืžื ืื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง.

ื—ื•ืฉืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ
ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืงื•ืจื ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื›ึผึนืจึถืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืคึผึธืจึทืก ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืคึธืงึทื“ ืขึธืœึทื™ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืœื•ึน ื‘ึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”: ืžึดื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึธื™ื• ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทืœ ืœึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดื‘ึถืŸ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื" (ืขื–ืจื ื ื‘).
ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืขืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ื ื”ืจ ืคืจืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจ โ€“ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” ื” ื”). ืขืœื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื "ื™ื•ึนืฆึตืจ ืื•ึนืจ ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืจึตื ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนืจึตื ืจึธืข ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืขึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึธืœ ืึตืœึผึถื”" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื”). ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืื•ืจ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื’ื ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžื›ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”'. ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœืžืฉื”: ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื”'. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืชื•
ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื•ืจ, ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืœื”. "ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ". ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื ืจืื” ื ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ืืกืชืจ ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”' ืขื•ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืœืš ืœื ืงื•ืจื ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื.
ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“, ื ืงื”ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื–ืขื•ื ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืืœื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืฆื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื ืฆื—ื•. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื ึดืงึฐื”ึฒืœึจื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดึœื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืจึตื™ื”ึถึ—ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœึพืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืชึ™ ื”ึทืžึผึถึฃืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒื—ึทืฉืึฐื•ึตืจึ”ื•ึนืฉื ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึนึฃื—ึท ื™ึธึ”ื“ ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึตึ–ื™ ืจึธึฝืขึธืชึธึ‘ื ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉืึ™ ืœึนืึพืขึธืžึทึฃื“ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถึ”ื ื›ึผึดึฝื™ึพื ึธืคึทึฅืœ ืคึผึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธึ–ื ืขึทืœึพื›ึผึธืœึพื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดึฝื™ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื‘. ื˜ ื˜ื–. ื˜ ื™ื—). "ื•ึทื™ึผึทื›ึผึคื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ืึ™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœึพืึนึฃื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื”ึถึ”ื ืžึทื›ึผึทืชึพื—ึถึฅืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึถึ–ืจึถื’ ื•ึฐืึทื‘ึฐื“ึธึ‘ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึทึฝืขึฒืฉื‚ึฅื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึนื ึฐืึตื™ื”ึถึ–ื ื›ึผึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ึธึฝื" (ืืกืชืจ ื˜ ื”).

ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื•ืจ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื—ื•ืฉืš. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ืฉืฉืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ: "ื›ึผึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืœึดืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ื•ึน ืœึฐื›ื•ึนืจึถืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึถื—ึฑื–ึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึดื™ืžึดื™ื ื•ึน ืœึฐืจึทื“ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึผืžึธืชึฐื ึตื™ ืžึฐืœึธื›ึดื™ื ืึฒืคึทืชึผึตื—ึท ืœึดืคึฐืชึผึนื—ึท ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื“ึผึฐืœึธืชึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืฉืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึดืกึผึธื’ึตืจื•ึผ". ื ืชืชื™ ืœื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืกื™ืœืงืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื•. "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึทื”ึฒื“ื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืึฒื™ึทืฉึผืึตืจ. ื“ึผึทืœึฐืชื•ึนืช ื ึฐื—ื•ึผืฉืึธื” ืึฒืฉืึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ื—ึตื™ ื‘ึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ืึฒื’ึทื“ึผึตืขึท".
ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“: "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืื•ึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ ื•ึผืžึทื˜ึฐืžึปื ึตื™ ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึผึตื“ึทืข ื›ึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ื‘ึฐืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ". ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ืจึดื™". ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช "ื•ึธืึถืงึฐืจึธื ืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ืึฒื›ึทื ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึธื ึดื™".
ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื›ื•ืจืฉ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื’ื–ืจื” ื—ืฆื™ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ืŸ. ื’ื ืขืœื™ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืจื ื—ื•ืฉืš". ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืœื ื ื‘ื”ืœื• ืžื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืืช ื”' ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžืขืœื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ื•ึนื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืžึตืึทื™ึดืŸ ื›ึผึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ
ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ื™ึดื•ึผึธืฉืึตืขึท
ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืืฃ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš ื ื•ืจื. ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฉ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืฆื—ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ืจืฆื—ื• ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืคืœ.
ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœื ืžืขื˜ ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ. ื›ืš ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ืจืฆื—ื• 11 ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื; ื›ืš ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘; ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžืชืื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ืจืฆื— 17 ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื”ืจื•ืฉ ืžืฆืคืช; ื›ืš ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื• 18 ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ื• 19 ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืš ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืจืฆื— ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืจืฉืข 13 ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื–ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืกื ื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื’ื ื”ืจืฆื— ื‘ืื™ืชืžืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืคื•ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ.
ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ
ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืžื™ื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ืืกืชืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขื ื”ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื”' ื‘ืขืžืœืง ืžื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ". ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•. ืงืœื™ืคื” ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื•ืžื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื ื•.

ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”
ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึดื‘ึนืชึดื™ื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ื•ึดื™ืจึตืฉืื•ึผื”ึธ" (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœ ื’). ืขื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื”ืคื—ื“:"ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืงื•ึนืœ ื—ึฒืจึธื“ึธื” ืฉืึธืžึธืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืคึผึทื—ึทื“ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื: ืฉืึทืึฒืœื•ึผ ื ึธื ื•ึผืจึฐืื•ึผ ืึดื ื™ึนืœึตื“ ื–ึธื›ึธืจ ืžึทื“ึผื•ึผืขึท ืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒืœึธืฆึธื™ื• ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนืœึตื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื ึถื”ึถืคึฐื›ื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึตืจึธืงื•ึนืŸ". ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ื”: "ื”ื•ึนื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืžึตืึทื™ึดืŸ ื›ึผึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื” ื™ึดื•ึผึธืฉืึตืขึท".

ืึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืขึปืœึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึทืœ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืกึฐืจื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒื ึทืชึผึตืง ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืขื•ึนื“ ื–ึธืจึดื™ื
ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื™ืฉื‘ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื–ืจื™ื ืงืฉืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืกืชืžื• ืืช ืคื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืงืœืงืœื•ืช. "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ืึถืฉืึฐื‘ึผึนืจ ืขึปืœึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึทืœ ืฆึทื•ึผึธืืจึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžื•ึนืกึฐืจื•ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒื ึทืชึผึตืง ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึน ืขื•ึนื“ ื–ึธืจึดื™ื".
ืื•ืชื ื–ืจื™ื ื™ื ืกื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ืชื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืขืฉื” ืคืจืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœื”ื, ืœื ืœืคื—ื“: "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธื ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื ึฐืึปื ื”', ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึตื—ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง ื•ึฐืึถืช ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐื™ึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืงึทื˜ ื•ึฐืฉืึทืึฒื ึทืŸ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ื“: ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึถืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึธืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึฒืคึดืฆื•ึนืชึดื™ืšึธ ืฉึผืึธื ืึทืšึฐ ืึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึนื ืึถืขึฑืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึธืœึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ืœึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึฐื ึทืงึผึตื” ืœึนื ืึฒื ึทืงึผึถืšึผึธ".

ื•ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐื“ึผึทื•ึผึฐื•ื’ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืžึผึฐืžึทื™ึธื ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืชึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื“ึผึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืœึฐืึดื“ึทื—ึฐื™ึธื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึตืขึธืœึฐืžึธื
ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื’ืื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื "ื™ึดืชึฐื’ึผึฐืœึตื™ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืขึธื ื“ึฐื’ึธืœึดื™ืœ". ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื "ื•ึผืงึฐืจึธื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื™ึดืชึฐืขึธืจื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœึฐืžึธื". ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ.
ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื ืกื• ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื•ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐื“ึผึทื•ึผึฐื•ื’ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึปืœึผึฐื”ื•ึนืŸ ืขึทืžึผึฐืžึทื™ึธื ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืชึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื“ึผึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืœึฐืึดื“ึทื—ึฐื™ึธื™ื ืœึธื”ึผ ืžึตืขึธืœึฐืžึธื. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึดืžึฐื ึธื ื›ึผึฐืชึดื™ื‘ 'ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืฆึธืจึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึถื ึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึดื•ึผึธืฉืึตืขึท'". ื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื ืœืคื—ื“ ื•ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืจืฉืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.

ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ืึทืชึฐืจึตื™
ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, "ื•ึผืžึตื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื–ึดืžึฐื ึธื ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื ืžึฐืฉืึดื™ื—ึธื ื™ึดืชึฐืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึทืœึฐืžึธื". ื•ื™ืขืœื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ืœ ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื‘ืœ. "ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืŸ ืขึดืžึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืขึทืžึผึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึทืžึผึธื” ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืกึฐื™ึธื™ืคึตื™ ืขึทืœึฐืžึธื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื›ึผึทื ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ืึทืชึฐืจึตื™". ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืžืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.

ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”
ืึดื ืจึธื—ึทืฅ ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึตืช ืฆึนืึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึผึฐืžึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื™ึธื“ึดื™ื—ึท ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื”ึผ
ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืคืืจ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. "ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฆึถืžึทื— ื”' ืœึดืฆึฐื‘ึดื™ ื•ึผืœึฐื›ึธื‘ื•ึนื“, ื•ึผืคึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึฐื’ึธืื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืœึฐืชึดืคึฐืึถืจึถืช ืœึดืคึฐืœึตื™ื˜ึทืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื“, ื‘). ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, "ืึดื ืจึธื—ึทืฅ ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ืึตืช ืฆึนืึทืช ื‘ึผึฐื ื•ึนืช ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื“ึผึฐืžึตื™ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื ื™ึธื“ึดื™ื—ึท ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึผึธืขึตืจ".

ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื - ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ึตืึธืžึถืจ ืœื•ึน
ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ - ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึดืฉืึฐืึธืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทึดื - ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ึตืึธืžึถืจ ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืœึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื". ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกื•ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื "ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึธื ื”' ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐื›ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึทืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธืึถื”ึธ ืขึธื ึธืŸ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉืึธืŸ ื•ึฐื ึนื’ึทื”ึผ ืึตืฉื ืœึถื”ึธื‘ึธื” ืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึผึธื‘ื•ึนื“ ื—ึปืคึผึธื”: ื•ึฐืกึปื›ึผึธื” ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืฆึตืœ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ืžึตื—ึนืจึถื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐืžึทื—ึฐืกึถื” ื•ึผืœึฐืžึดืกึฐืชึผื•ึนืจ ืžึดื–ึผึถืจึถื ื•ึผืžึดืžึผึธื˜ึธืจ".

ื–ึทื›ึผึธืึดื™ืŸ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืึฒืจื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœึฐืžึธื ื‘ึผึดืกึฐื™ึธื™ืคึตื™ ืึถืœึถืฃ ืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืชึธืึธื”
ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ืช ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืœืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ืฉื ืช ื”ืช"ืจ 1840). ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื™ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืขืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืฉืขืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื” ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืœืงืจืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึดื™ืช ืžึฐืึธื” ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ืŸ ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืชึธืึธื” ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืชึผึฐื—ื•ึผืŸ ืชึผึทืจึฐืขึตื™ ื“ึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึฐืชึธื ืœึฐืขึตื™ืœึธื ื•ึผืžึทื‘ึผื•ึผืขึตื™ ื“ึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึฐืชึธื ืœึฐืชึทืชึผึธื, ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืชึผึทืงึผึทืŸ ืขึทืœึฐืžึธื ืœึฐืึธืขึณืœึธื ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึธืึธื”. ื›ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื ึธืฉื ื“ึผึฐืžึดืชึฐืชึผึทืงึผึทืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืžึธื ืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืชึธืึธื” ืžึตื›ึดื™ ืขึธืจึทื‘ ืฉืึดืžึฐืฉืึธื ืœึฐืึฒืขึธืœึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืชึผึธื. ืื•ึผืฃ ื”ึธื›ึดื™ ื ึธืžึตื™" (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—ืœืง ื ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื–/ื).
ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื•ืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™. "ื–ึทื›ึผึธืึดื™ืŸ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื ึผื•ึผืŸ ื“ึผึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธืึฒืจื•ึผืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืœึฐืžึธื ื‘ึผึดืกึฐื™ึธื™ืคึตื™ ืึถืœึถืฃ ืฉืึฐืชึดื™ืชึธืึธื” ืœึฐืžึตื™ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึทืชึผึธื". ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžื ื‘ื•ืืช ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื“ืœืขื™ืœ.

ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” - ืงื“ืžื• ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืงืœื™ื•
ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ
ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉื•ืขื”". ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื‘ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึทืึฒื“ึธืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื", ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื— ื™ื“) ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“: "ื–ึนืืช ืขึนืœึทืช ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉืื•ึน ืœึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉืึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”". ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื’ื–ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ืœืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ.

ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ
ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื’ ืข"ื‘) ื ืชื ื• ืœื›ืš ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ: "ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึตื™ืฉื ืœึธืงึดื™ืฉื, ื’ึผึธืœื•ึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึผืขึท ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืึธืžึทืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืฉืึถืขึธืชึดื™ื“ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ ื”ึธืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึดืฉืึฐืงึนืœ ืฉืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ. ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึฐื™ื ื•ึผ ื“ึดืชึฐื ึธืŸ, ื‘ึผึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึทืึฒื“ึธืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืงึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึดืœึฐืึทื™ึดื".
ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืฉ" (ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™ - ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื—), ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช "ืคืงื•ื“ื™" ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื›ื™ 600,000 ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื™ื‘ื• 100 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. ืื ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉืงืœื™ื ืค"ื” ืž"ื—) "ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืœื™ื".

ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ื›ื™
ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืฉื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ: "ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึผึนื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึตื™ื›ึทืœ ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืžึฐืœึปื‘ึผึธืฉืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึธืกึธืฃ ื‘ึผึทืžึฐืฆึดืœึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืœ ืึถืช ื”' ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื™ื“ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ" (ืขื–ืจื ื’). ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ื• ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื: "ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื”ึธืึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืกึฐื“ื•ึน ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึผึนื›ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ". ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื. "ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืœ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง".

ื‘ื›ื™ ืฉืขืฆืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื”ืžืฉื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื: "ื•ึฐืกึนื›ึฐืจึดื™ื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ื•ึนืขึฒืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐื”ึธืคึตืจ ืขึฒืฆึธืชึธื ื›ึธึผืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื›ึผื•ึนืจึถืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืคึธึผืจึทืก ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื“ึธึผืจึฐื™ึธื•ึถืฉื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืคึธึผืจึธืก; ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ึทืฉึฐืื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึดึผืชึฐื—ึดืœึทึผืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึธึผืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉึดื‚ื˜ึฐื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึนืฉึฐืื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึธึดึทื". ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืขื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืืขืค"ื›, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืจื ื ื‘ื ื”, ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื• ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื“ืชื ืŸ (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ ืข"ื) "ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช". ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชืจืžื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื.

ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืœื›ื• ื›ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืœื•ื›ื” ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื• ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื˜ื ื”. "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ึทืฉืึฐื•ึตืจื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึทืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชื•ึน ื›ึผึธืชึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉื‚ึดื˜ึฐื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธึดื". ื”ืฉื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื›ื•ืจืฉ, ืฉืขืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื’ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™.

ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืงืœื™ื
ื›ืืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, " ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืžืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื–ื” ืžื”ื’ืžืจื, ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื›ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงืœื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”', ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื›ืคืจื”, ื›ื™ ืžื–ื” ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืขืช ื”' ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื–ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื".
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ืœื” ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืชื™ื™ืืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื›ืคืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื•.

ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”
ื›ืืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ืฅ ื›ืžื” ืชืจืžื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื›ื™ 600,000 ื—ืฆืื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื 100 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ , ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ 200 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืฉื™ืœื ื”ืžืŸ. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ "ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืขึธืœื•ึผ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉืื•ึนืงึฐืœึดื™ื ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึนื ื•ึนืช" (ืค"ื‘ ืž"ื“), ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช 800 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ. " ื•ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช ื™"ื’ ืœืžืœื›ื•ืชื•, ืฉืื– ื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืŸ".

ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืงืœื™ื•
ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 12 ืœืžืœื›ื•ืช ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ ื ื’ื–ืจื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ 11 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 13 ืœืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ืฉื ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ 9,600 ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ืฉื”ื 400 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืžืŸ. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ื' ื‘ืื“ืจ, ืชืจืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื™"ื’, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, 800 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืฉืงืœื™ื”ื ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื‘ื' ื‘ืื“ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืขืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ 10,400 ื›ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, 400 ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื”ื•. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ื”ึดืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ื ืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐืฉืึดืงึฐืœึตื™ ื”ึธืžึธืŸ.
ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ื›ึทึผื™ึธึผืžึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ื”ึทื™ึฐึผื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ืžึตืื•ึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึถื”ึฐืคึทึผืšึฐ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึดื™ึธึผื’ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืฉึดื‚ืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผืžึตืึตื‘ึถืœ ืœึฐื™ื•ึนื ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ.

ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื”ื ื” ืขื™ืŸ ื”' ืืœ ื™ืจืื™ื•
ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ืื“ืจื™, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื ื•ื•ื”-ื”ืจืฆื•ื’, ืืฉื“ื•ื“: ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘", ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืข, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื™ื–ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ื›ืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืฉืžื•ื ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•.
ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘", ื•ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ. ืžืžืฉ ื ื™ืฆืœื ื• ื‘ื ืก.
ื”ืชืคืœืœื ื• ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืžื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื—ืชื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•. ืจื‘ื™ื-ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืจื—ื•ืง. ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™, ืืš ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืœื’ืฉืช ืืœื™ื•. ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•, ื ืฉืืชื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘. ื•ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™, ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืžืžืฉ. ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื‘ืจื›ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืขื”.

ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื
ืคืขื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›-300 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืžืจื• ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืจื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื›ื“ืžื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘: ืœืžื” ื›ื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื?
ืขื ื” ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืืžืจ: ื—ื›ื” ืจื’ืข. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœืจื‘, ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื—ื“ืจ ืฆื“ื“ื™. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ื—ื–ืจ ืžืฉื ื”ืจื‘ ืขื ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื‘ื ื™: ืงื—, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ื›ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื!

ืœื ื™ื—ื“ืœ ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ . ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื ืฉื•ื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื‘ืจืš. ื”ืื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ื’ื ืœืื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจ?
ื”ื•ื ื•ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื.


ื“ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขืชื” . ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช?
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ.


ืฆื—ื•ืง ืขืฉื” ืœื™ . ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื—ืงื” ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ืจื‘ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื?
ืื ื”ื”ืงืœื˜ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื–ื” ืื•ืชื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืชื, ืžื•ืชืจ.

ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช
"ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึฒืจึธืขึธื” ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ืฉืึถืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึดื‘ึฐื˜ึนื—ึท ื‘ืข"ื– ื™ึทืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืขื•ึนื“ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ืžึตื”ึถื, ืœึนื ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐืกึทืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึดื™ืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึฐืฆึธืื•ึผื ืจึธืขื•ึนืช ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืฆึธืจื•ึนืช, ืจึทืง ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐืึปืœึผึธื”, ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืžึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐื˜ึธื—ึทืช ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ืจึทื—ึฒืžึธื™ื•"
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il