ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื”
  • ืœืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉืชืคื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™-ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™, ืžืคืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื–ื•. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื-ืœื”ื™ื.

ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื›ึฐืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื, ื”ึทืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผื ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช, ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื”ึดืชึฐืงึทืฉึผืึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืฉืึถืจ ืึทืžึผึดื™ืฅ ื•ึผืžึฐืกึปื“ึผึธืจ, - ื•ึฐื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช, ื”ึทืžึผึปืฉืึฐืงึถืคึถืช ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธื”, ื›ึผึตื”ึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืจึดื—ื•ึผืงึธื”ึผ, ืขึทื“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืšึฐ ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึทื›ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐื”ื•ึผืžื•ึนืช ืชึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธื” ื”ึทืžึฐืชึปืงึผึถื ึถืช, ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึตื™ ืžึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืฆึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึทืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืชึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ืึดื ืœึฐืื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึตื”ึถื” ื–ึถื” ืชึผึทื—ึฐืคึผึนืฅ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ. ืึธื– ืชึผึดืกึผึนื‘ ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ื•ึนืจึทื ึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืชึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทืฆึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผึนืื‘ึถื” ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนื“ ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนืจ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึดื™ืช, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืชึผึดืคึฐื’ึผึนืฉื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทื–ึผึดืงึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึปืœึฐืฉืึธื”; ื”ึทื›ึผึนื—ึท ื”ึทืžึถื›ึธื ึดื™ ื™ึฐืฉืึทืžึผึตืฉื ืขื•ึนื“ ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืžึถืฉืึถืšึฐ-ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึดื“ึฐื—ึนืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื›ื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ืช, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึฐืฉืึทื“-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืจึธืคึถื”, ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐื—ึธืกึตืจ. ื‘ึผึทืึฒื‘ึนื“ ื”ึธืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ืช ืึถืช ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ, ื™ึฐืึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืžึดืžึผึตื™ืœึธื ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ ืึถืช ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึน. ืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื•ึผืชึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืจึนืืฉื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตื”ึธืขึตืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื”ึทืจึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึตื‘, ืขึทื“ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึฐืจึดื™ืจื•ึผืช ืœึตื‘ ื•ึฐืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึตืื•ึผืฉื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช, ื•ึฐืชึทื”ึฐืคึผื•ึผื›ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตื“ึถืจ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™, "ืึตื™ืŸ ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ" ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™ืช ืชึผึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืขื•ึนื“ ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึนื– ื—ึธืกึฐื ึธื”ึผ, ืฆึฐื‘ึธื-ืžึฐืจื•ึนืžึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืฉืึฐืœื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึดืกึผึตื-ืžึทืžึฐืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึดืชึฐื ื•ึนื“ึตื“. "ื ื•ึนืขึท ืชึผึธื ื•ึผืขึท ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึทืฉึผืึดื›ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ื•ึนื“ึฐื“ึธื” ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื ึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึธื‘ึทื“ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืงื•ึผื. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืคึฐืงึนื“ ื“' ืขึทืœ ืฆึฐื‘ึธื ื”ึทืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”"

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ืืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงืฉื” ืžืื“, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื•.
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื”:
ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื›ึฐืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื, ื”ึทืชึผึฐื›ื•ึผื ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธืชึดื™ึผื•ึนืช, ื”ึทืžึผื•ึผืกึธืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึธืžึฐืจึดื™ึผื•ึนืช, ื›ึผึปืœึผึธืŸ ื”ึดืชึฐืงึทืฉึผืึฐืจื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืงึถืฉืึถืจ ืึทืžึผึดื™ืฅ ื•ึผืžึฐืกึปื“ึผึธืจ, - ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ืžืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

- ื•ึฐื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช, ื”ึทืžึผึปืฉืึฐืงึถืคึถืช ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธื”, ื›ึผึตื”ึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืจึดื—ื•ึผืงึธื”ึผ,
ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื, ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื-ืœ ื•ืžืชื›ื—ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื•. ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™: ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ื™ื“ืข ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื, ื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืชืœื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืคืฉ ื-ืœื”ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืืœืžืœื ืขื–ืจืชื ื•ื—ืกื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืจื“. ืฉืžืฉ, ื’ืฉื ื•ืฉืœื’, ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืขื•ื ื•ืช, ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœื•ื. ืœืื“ื ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืœื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœื ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื•ืœื ืงืจืŸ ืคื ืกื™ื”, ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืง, ืœื ืฆื‘ื ื•ืœื ืžืฉื˜ืจื” - ืžื™ ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•?
ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื ืžื” ื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื” ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ืžื“ืขื ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื, ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื›ืœืœื™ื. ื•ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื” ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื-ืœื”ื™ื. ื”ืื“ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืคื ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ื–ืงื ื”, ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืจืขื™ื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขื ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช-ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื—ื™ืฅ ืื˜ื•ื ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื•.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœ, ื™ืคื” ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ - ื•ึฐื”ึธืื•ึนืจึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ืช, ื”ึทืžึผึปืฉืึฐืงึถืคึถืช ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธื”, ื›ึผึตื”ึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืฉืึธืžึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึถืฆึถื ืจึดื—ื•ึผืงึธื”ึผ,
ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš? ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื“ื•ื—ืงืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื”?
ื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื›ืœืœืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืจืžืชื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื ื›ืขืช ืœื ื—ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™. ืื ืื“ื ื—ื•ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื•ืคื, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืžื ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืœืฉืžื™ื? ืœื. ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื”ื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆื•ื“ืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื•. ืื ื”ื’ื’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื“ื•ืœืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื™ื™ืคืกืง ื”ื’ืฉื ืื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืกื™ ื™ืื˜ื ื”ื’ื’, ืืœื ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืชืงืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื’ื’ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื ืฉืืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘, ื˜ื•ื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื-ืœ ื ืฉืืจื” ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื“ื•ืขื›ื•ืช.

ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขื ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ืข - ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืฉื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื›ื”ื”. ื’ื ืžืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ืื•ืจ ื›ื”ื” ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง. ื•ืื•ืจ ื›ื”ื” ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช:

ืขึทื“ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืšึฐ ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึทื›ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐื”ื•ึผืžื•ึนืช ืชึผึดืžึฐืฆึธื ื”ึทื—ึถื‘ึฐืจึธื” ื”ึทืžึฐืชึปืงึผึถื ึถืช, ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืœึตื™ ืžึทื›ึฐืฉืึดื™ืจึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึธืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืฆึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ื”ึธ ื”ึทืชึผึทืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืชึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื, ืึดื ืœึฐืื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึตื”ึถื” ื–ึถื” ืชึผึทื—ึฐืคึผึนืฅ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึผึถื™ื”ึธ.
ื ื“ืžื”, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืกื“ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™, ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืื“ื ืœืกื’ืช ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช, ืœื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื”ืœืื”. ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื.
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืกืชื™ืจื”: ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื™ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืงืช ื•ืœื ืžืชืจืฆื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ื”ืื“ื ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ืš ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”: ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืชื™ ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื•ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™. ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื›ื™ื. ื•ื”ื“ืช ื ืœืขื’ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ื–ื”.
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ืฉืคืงื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื”-ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืืฆืช ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ืช ื ื•ืชืจื” ื›ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืื•ื‘ื ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืคืฉืช, ื•ืขื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช-ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื“ื—ืงื” ื’ื ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืœื”ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.

ืึธื– ืชึผึดืกึผึนื‘ ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ึผื•ึผืช ืึฒื—ื•ึนืจึทื ึผึดื™ืช ื•ึฐืชึดืจึฐืฆึถื” ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึผึทืฆึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนื ึธื”ึผ ื”ึทืžึฐื™ึปื—ึธื“, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผึนืื‘ึถื” ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนื“ ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนืจ ื”ึฒื•ึธื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื”ึทื™ึฐืกื•ึนื“ึดื™ืช, ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนืŸ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื– ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ, ื•ืฉื•ืืœืช: ืžื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื• ื‘ื“ืช ืขืชื”, ืœืžื” ืœื ื• ื-ืœื”ื•ืช? (ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช). ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ื“ื™ื™ื ื•. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื•ื ืื•ืจื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืขื•ื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื ืงื™ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื• ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืœืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ื• ื•ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•. ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื "ื”ื“ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช". ืืžื ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™, ืืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.

ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ืืžืจ: "ืœึนื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ึนืกึถืŸ" 1 .
ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื›ึผึธืืŸ ืชึผึดืคึฐื’ึผึนืฉื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” (ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช) ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทื–ึผึดืงึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึปืœึฐืฉืึธื”;
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืคืœื™ืื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ืื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื ืกื—ืคื” ื‘ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืชืคืจืงื• ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ื ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ืจื•ืžื ื™ื”, ืฆ'ื›ื•ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”, ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื” ื”ืชื‘ื“ืœื• ืœื”ืŸ ืื– ืœืขืฆืžืŸ. ืงืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืื–, ื•ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืงื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœื•.

ื”ึทื›ึผึนื—ึท ื”ึทืžึถื›ึธื ึดื™ ื™ึฐืฉืึทืžึผึตืฉื ืขื•ึนื“ ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืžึถืฉืึถืšึฐ-ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึดื“ึฐื—ึนืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึฐื›ื•ึนื ึธื” ื”ึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฆึดื™ืช, - ื”ื›ื— ื”ืžื›ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ื”ืื™ื ืจืฆื™ื”, ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื”,
ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึฐืฉืึทื“-ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐืจึธืคึถื”, ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐื—ึธืกึตืจ. - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื-ืœื”ื™ ื—ืกืจ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช, ื•ื ืฉืืจืช ืจืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื”.
ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืžื˜ืจื” - ื•ืžื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื“ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื. ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™, ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”. ืื ืชื ืชืง ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืชื•ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื— ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืจืง ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื. ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืื•ืชื. ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ, ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืชื•ืš ืžืื”. ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ. ื–ืงื ื”, ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื”ื ืกื•ืคื• ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื•ืกื•ืคื™.

ื‘ึผึทืึฒื‘ึนื“ ื”ึธืขึฒืœึดื™ึผึธื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึธื ึดื™ืช ืึถืช ืขึถืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ, ื™ึฐืึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืžึดืžึผึตื™ืœึธื ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ ืึถืช ืฆึดื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื•ึน. - ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœ ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื•, ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืขืจื›ื” ื•ืืช ืฆื•ืจืชื”.

ืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื—ึดื™ื“ ื•ึผืชึฐื‘ึดื™ืขื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืจึนืืฉื ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืžึตื”ึธืขึตืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื”ึทืจึฐืžื•ึนื ึดื™ ื•ึผื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืจึทื—ึตื‘, - ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช 'ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜'. ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขื“ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื ืงืจื 'ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”' ืื• 'ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”'. ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื›ื–ื”. ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืื•ืกื™ื, ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“. 2
ืžื•ืฉื’ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื 'ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™'. ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” - 'ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช' ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง. ื”ืขืจืฆืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืขืฉืชื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”"ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื" ื•ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืžืขืœ ืœืื•ืžื”, ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืชื•. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืžื™ืœื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช.

ืขึทื“ ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึฐืจึดื™ืจื•ึผืช ืœึตื‘ ื•ึฐืขึดืžึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึตืื•ึผืฉื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ืœึธื” ื‘ึผึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึฐืฆึดื™ืื•ึผืช,
ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืชืžื ืช ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” ืืœ ืชื•ืจื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืคืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™. ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ืื™-ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื–ืจื— ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—, ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืฉื” ื”ืจื™ืงื‘ื•ืŸ. ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ืžืจืฆืœื•ืก: "ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืจืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื“ื ืžืจืง" 3 , ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืœืขืฆืžื” ืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ ื•ืกื•ื’.

ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžื—ืœื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื›ื–ื• ื•ืžื™ื™ืืฉื•ืช.
ืฉื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื• ืœืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื•ืžื”, ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ืงื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ, ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช.

ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตื“ึถืจ ื”ึธืจึทืขึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™, "ืึตื™ืŸ ืึฑืžึถืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ" 4
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ - ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืืžืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกื“. ืžื“ื•ืข? ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืกื“, ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžื•: "ืžื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ ืฉืœื™, ื–ื” ื™ืืจื™ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”". ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ืื›ื–ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื”ื ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉื ืฉืืจืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ืื™ืŸ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ. ืื– ืจืง ื”ื’ืก ื•ื”ืžื–ืขื–ืข ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื—ืก, ืขื“ ืฉื’ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื-ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืขืžื•ื ื”ื ื•ืจื ืžืžื•ื•ืช.

ื”ึธืึดื™ื“ึตืึธื” ื”ึทืœึผึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืœึธืœึดื™ืช ืชึผึทืฉืึฐืคึผึดื™ืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึผื•ึผื›ึทืœ ืขื•ึนื“ ืœึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึนื– ื—ึธืกึฐื ึธื”ึผ, ืฆึฐื‘ึธื-ืžึฐืจื•ึนืžึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึธืฉืึฐืœื•ึผ ื•ึฐื›ึดืกึผึตื-ืžึทืžึฐืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ื™ึดืชึฐื ื•ึนื“ึตื“. "ื ื•ึนืขึท ืชึผึธื ื•ึผืขึท ืึถืจึถืฅ ื›ึผึทืฉึผืึดื›ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื ื•ึนื“ึฐื“ึธื” ื›ึผึทืžึผึฐืœื•ึผื ึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึธื‘ึทื“ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืคึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธื”ึผ - ืคืฉืข ื”ื”ืชื ื›ืจื•ืช, ืฉื’ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘ - ื•ึฐื ึธืคึฐืœึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืงื•ึผื 5 .
ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดืคึฐืงึนื“ ื“' ืขึทืœ ืฆึฐื‘ึธื ื”ึทืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืจื•ึนื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืžึทืœึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”" 6 .
ืคืงื™ื“ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžึดืคืงื“. ื‘ืื” ืขืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.

ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืขืช ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆื ืœื• ื”ืื“ื ื ื—ืžื” ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ื ื›ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืฉื˜ืฃ-ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื“ืื’ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜.
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกื“ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืกื“ ื—ื•ืžืจื™. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืœื‘ื™ืžืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืช ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ - ื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”. ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื–ื 7 ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช ืœื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื“ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”, ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื”ื, ื”ื“ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืื“ื.
ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘, ื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืคื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ืื—ืจื™ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ืช ื’ืกื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืชืžืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ื‘ืื”.


^ 1. ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื–, ื›ื“.
^ 2. ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืžื ื”ืœื™, ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื’ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืงื• ื‘ืกืคืจื“ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืœื’ื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชื•ืŸ ื•ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื“ื™).
^ 3. 'ื”ืžืœื˜' ืžืขืจื›ื” ื, ืชืžื•ื ื” ื“.
^ 4. ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“, ื.
^ 5. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื“, ื›.
^ 6. ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื›ื“, ื›ื.
^ 7. ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื–ื. ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืคืœื’ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆืื ืžืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืฉ-ืขืฉืจื” ืœืกืคื”"ื . ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื“ื•ื—ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื–ื ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ื•ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆืคื•ื ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™.

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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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