ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื
  • ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ืžื™ โ€“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื โ€“ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”





ืคึผึถืจึถืง ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ

ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”



ื”ืชึผึทืงื ื”


ื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืจึทื‘ึผึตื ื•ึผ ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึธืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐื”ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœึนื ืฉืึฐืžึดื™ืขึทืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื”ึทืกึผื•ึนืคึตืจ ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืงื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื ึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืช, ืžึดืฉึผืื•ึผื ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื”ื•ึผื ืชึผึดืงึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ.

ื  ืงื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื›ึผึตืŸ - ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชื™ืงืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. ื™ื•ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึนืช - ื‘ื˜ืœื ื™ื ืžืžืœืื›ื”, ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” (ืจืื” ืจ' ืชื ื—ื•ื). ื•ืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืชื•ืจื”.

ื‘ ื•ึฐืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืฉืึถืงึผื•ึนืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ: ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผื•ึนืขึฒื“ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื•ึผืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื* ื•ึผื‘ึฐืชึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึธื‘.

ื‘  ืžึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจึดื™ืŸ - ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื—,ื“. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื* - ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’,ื™ื. ื‘ื›"ื™ ื' ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืืœื•, ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื” "ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื" (ื›ืก"ืž).

ื’ ืึตื™ืŸ ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืคึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึนืจึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึผ'ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ' ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ.

ื’  ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึนืจึดื™ืŸ - ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืœืขื™ืœ ื—,ื“ ื”. ืขื•ึนืœึถื” - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื. ืžึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืคึผึธืจึธืฉืึธื” - ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืชื• ืคืจืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืกืชื•ืžื” ืื• ืคืชื•ื—ื”. ืจืื” ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื—,ื ื‘), ื™ืงืจื ืžืžื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื ึผึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ - ื›ืฉืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื”.

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงืจื™ืื”


ื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ืกึตืคึถืจ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ื‘ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ "ื‘ึผึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึนืจึธืšึฐ", ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื™ื™ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึนืจึธืšึฐ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื ื•ึธืขึถื“", ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึธื ื•ึผ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”", ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืขื•ึนื ึดื™ืŸ ืึธืžึตืŸ. ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืœึตืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ, ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืชึผื•ึนืจึทืช ืึฑืžึถืช, ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื ึฐื˜ึธืขึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึตื ื•ึผ. ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™, ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”".

ื”  ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ - ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• (ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื–). ื•ึผืžึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ - ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื‘,ื). ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืœึตืœ ื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ - ืกื•ื’ืจื•. ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื”ื ืžื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื”ืงื•ืจื ื”ื‘ื. ื—ึทื™ึผึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื ื ึฐื˜ึธืขึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึตื ื•ึผ - ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ืจืฉ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืชื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ("ื—ื™ื™ ืขื•ืœื").

ื• ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืจึทืฉึผืึทืื™ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึฐืœึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ. ืงึธืจึธื ื•ึฐื˜ึธืขึธื”, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดืงึฐื“ึผื•ึผืง ืื•ึนืช ืึทื—ึทืช - ืžึทื—ึฒื–ึดื™ืจึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดืงึฐืจึธืึถื ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดืงึฐื“ึผื•ึผืง. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“ ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ึผื•ึน. ืงึธืจึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืชึผึตืง - ื™ึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืึทื—ึตืจ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื™ื•, ื•ึฐื™ึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึดืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถื ึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืชึผึตืง, ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทืกึผื•ึนืฃ.

ื•  ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื›ึฐืœึถื” ืึธืžึตืŸ - ื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœืขื ื•ืช. ื‘ึผึฐื“ึดืงึฐื“ึผื•ึผืง - ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช (ืจืื” ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืฉืžืข ื‘,ื˜). ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึฐืื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื - ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ืฉืžืข ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ื ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทืชึผึตืง - ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™. ื•ึฐื™ึทืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืžึดืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ - ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืื—ื“ (ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ืจืฆื”).

ื– ืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืจึทืฉึผืึทืื™ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ืœื•ึน ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช. ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื—ึทื–ึผึทืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ืื•ึน ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืžึตืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืื•ึน ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืึทื—ึตืจ ืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืจึตื, ื›ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถื”ึทื—ึทื–ึผึธืŸ ืขื•ึนืžึตื“ ืขึดื ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ.

ื–  ื—ึทื–ึผึทืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช - ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื—ื•ื–ื”', ืžืจืื”, ืžื™ ืฉืžืจืื” ืœืงื•ืจื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื (ืง'), ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืžื“ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช (ืจ' ืชื ื—ื•ื). ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื ึถืกึถืช - ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช: ืžื™ ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ, ืžื™ ืคื•ืจืก ืขืœ ืฉืžืข, ืžื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” (ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืžื ืกื—,ื‘). ืขึดืžึผื•ึน - ืœื™ื“ื•.

ื˜ ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึฒืœึธื›ึธื”, ืึถืœึผึธื ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนืชึฐืงึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืžึฐืขึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืžึฐืฉื‚ึดื™ืžึดื™ืŸ ืœึดื‘ึผึธืŸ ืœึฐืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ื•ึผื ืงื•ึนืจึตื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: "ื•ึฐืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึถืœ ืกึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”" (ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื—,ื’). ื•ึฐืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงื•ึนืจึตื, ื•ึผืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืึดื™ืฉื. ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนืกึตืง ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน ืึปืžึผึธื ื•ึผืชื•ึน - ืžึปืชึผึธืจ ืœื•ึน ืœึทืขึฒืกึนืง ื‘ึผึฐืชึทืœึฐืžื•ึผื“ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึธืขึธื” ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”.

ื˜  ืœึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจ - ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธืชื•ึน ืึปืžึผึธื ื•ึผืชื•ึน - ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ื›ืœืœ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื•,ื—).

ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก


ื™ ืžึดื™ืžื•ึนืช ืขึถื–ึฐืจึธื ื ึธื”ึฒื’ื•ึผ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ืฉืึธื ืชึผึปืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึธืŸ ืžึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึตื ืœึธืขึธื ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”, ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื. ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื•ึฐืฉืื•ึนืชึตืง ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึตื ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทืชึผึปืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึธืŸ, ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ืฉืึตื ึดื™. ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื ืจึทืฉึผืึทืื™ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ืœึทืชึผึปืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึธืŸ ื™ึธืชึตืจ ืžึดืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ืึถื—ึธื“.

ื™  ืฉืึถื™ึผึฐื”ึตื ืฉืึธื - ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆื. ืžื™ืœืช 'ืฉื' ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ื. ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ - ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืขื–ืจื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื,ื“). ืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื - ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื.

ื™ื‘ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืงึฐืจึธืื•ึนืช ืžึดืชึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ. ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื”,ื›ื‘) ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•,ื›ื“-ื›ื•) ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ืžึดืŸ "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘,ื›ื) ืขึทื“ "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื" (ืฉื ืœื‘,ื›ื”) ื•ึฐืขื•ึนื“ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง ืึทื—ึตืจ, "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื™ื™ ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื..." (ืฉื ืœื‘,ืœื”) - ื ึดืงึฐืจึธืึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืชึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึทืžึฐื ื•ึนืŸ - ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ "ืึทืžึฐื ื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ-ื‘ ื™ื’,ื) ืœึนื ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ืžึดืชึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึตื.

ื™ื‘  ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ - ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื ื•ืื—ื“ ืชืจื’ื•ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’,ื›ื”) ืžืชืจื’ื ื”ื›ืœ. ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ - "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึนืŸ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผึตืœึถืšึฐ ืจึฐืื•ึผื‘ึตืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทื‘ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื”ึธื” ืคึผึดื™ืœึถื’ึถืฉื ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ", ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ". ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ืขืงื‘: "ืคึผึทื—ึทื– ื›ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืึทืœ ืชึผื•ึนืชึทืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึธืœึดื™ืชึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึฐื‘ึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ, ืึธื– ื—ึดืœึผึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึฐืฆื•ึผืขึดื™ ืขึธืœึธื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื˜,ื“. ืจืื” ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืจืก"ื’). ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทืช ื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื - ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”: "ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”' ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ", ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ: "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืคึธื ึดื™ื" (ืคื”"ืž ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“,ื—). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืชืจื’ื•ื ื›ืœืœ (ื™'). ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก. ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ - ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื”ืจืŸ, ืฉืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื’ืœ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึทืžึฐื ื•ึนืŸ - ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืื ืก ืืช ืชืžืจ ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื“, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื• (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื—,ื—). ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื”,ื‘).

ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”


ื™ื’ ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื”, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ ื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถืงึผึธืจึธื ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื•. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื’ึผึธืœึตืœ ืกึตืคึถืจ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดืคึฐื—ึนืช ืžึตืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง, ื•ึฐืึดื ืฉืึธืœึทื ื”ึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืคึธื—ื•ึผืช ืžึตืึตืœึผื•ึผ - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ. ื•ึฐืึดื ืงึธืจึธื ืขึฒืฉื‚ึธืจึธื” ืคึผึฐืกื•ึผืงึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืชึดืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึธืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึตื - ื“ึผึทื™ึผื•ึน, ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ืฉืึธืœึทื ื”ึธืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ. ื•ึผื‘ึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื - ืึถื—ึธื“ ืงื•ึนืจึตื ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ืžึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึผืžึฐื“ึทืœึผึตื’ ืžึตืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืœึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึฐื“ึทืœึผึตื’ ืžึดื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืœึผึธื ื‘ึผึทื ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึดืฉืึฐื ึตื™ื ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“, ื•ึผื‘ึดืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื™ึฐื“ึทืœึผึตื’ ืžึดืกึผื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ืœึดืชึฐื—ึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืžึผึฐื“ึทืœึผึตื’, ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐื”ึถื” ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึดืœึผื•ึผื’ ืึถืœึผึธื ื›ึผึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉืึถื™ึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื ื”ึทืžึผึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึตื ืชึผึดืจึฐื’ึผื•ึผืžื•ึน.

ื™ื’  ืฆึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืชึผึฐื—ึดืœึผึธื” - ื”ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื•ืงืจื™ืืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืชื™ืจืื” ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืคืœื” ืœื” (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื’,ื). ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• - ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืœื” ืœืคื ื™ื•. ืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธื“ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืง - ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื“ึผึทื™ึผื•ึน - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ึทื™ึดื ืžึฐืชึทืจึฐื’ึผึฐืžึดื™ืŸ - ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉืžื™ืขืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื,ื‘).

ื˜ื• ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช: "ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื, ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจ ื‘ึผึดื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื...". ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืœึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ื•ึนืช: ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนื ึธื” - ื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ "ื”ึธืึตืœ ื”ึทื ึผึถืึฑืžึธืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึธื™ื•"; ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” - ื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ "ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื"; ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช - ื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ "ืžึธื’ึตืŸ ื“ึผึธื•ึดื“"; ืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ืช - ื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืึดื ื—ึธืœ ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช - ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทื ึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื›ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”*.

ื˜ื•  ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื•ื›ื•' - ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•. ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” - ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ืช (ืจืื” ืฉื. ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘,ื” ื™ื). ืžึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื - ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื›ึผึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉืึถืžึผึทื–ึฐื›ึผึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”* - ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื›"ื™ ืชื™ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื›"ื™ ื'; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื›"ื™ ืง': "ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนืชึตื ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึฐืงึทื“ึผึตืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื", ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช (ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘,ื™ื).

ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื


ื˜ื– ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ? ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึธื”, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื - ืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื”, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึดื™ื - ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื”. ืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ึนื—ึฒืชึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื–ึถื”, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžื•ึนืกึดื™ืคึดื™ืŸ. ื‘ึผึฐืจึธืืฉืึตื™ ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื—ึปืœึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœึผึทืžึผื•ึนืขึตื“ ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื”. ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทื›ึผึดืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื ึฐื—ึธื”, ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉืึตื ึดื™ ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผืขึท ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒื ึปื›ึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช, ื•ึผื‘ึดื™ืžึตื™ ื”ึทืชึผึทืขึฒื ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ื•ึผื‘ึทืžึผึดื ึฐื—ึธื” - ืงื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึฐืœืฉืึธื”. ืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ึนื—ึฒืชึดื™ืŸ ืžึดืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื–ึถื” ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžื•ึนืกึดื™ืคึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื•.

ื˜ื–  ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ - ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื (ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื‘,ื‘). ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžื•ึนืกึดื™ืคึดื™ืŸ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• - ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ืœืขื, ืฉืœื ื™ืชืขื›ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช (ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื,ื‘).

ื™ื– ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืœึนื ืชึผึดืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ, ืžึดืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ. ืงึธื˜ึธืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืœึฐืžึดื™ ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึดื™ืŸ ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ืžึดืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึดื ึฐื™ึธืŸ, ืฉืึถื”ึฒืจึตื™ ืงึธืจึธื ื‘ึผึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื”. ื•ึฐืึดื ื”ึดืคึฐืกึดื™ืง ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื—ึท ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึฐืงึทื“ึผึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ - ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืขื•ึนืœึถื”. ืฆึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึธื”ึถืŸ ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ืึถืœึผึธื ืึถื—ึธื“ - ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื, ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืจึตื“ ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘, ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” ื•ึผืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช, ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื’ึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึฐืึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื.

ื™ื–  ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”ึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ - ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืขืฉืจื” ื’ื‘ืจื™ื (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’), ื•ืื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืชืงืจื ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื (ืง'). ืžึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื - ื”ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”.

ื™ื— ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืงึฐืจึดื™ืึธื” ืžึตืึตืœึผื•ึผ - ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืœึตื•ึดื™, ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึผืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ ืคึผึธืฉืื•ึผื˜ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื, ืฉืึถืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืขึทื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืงื•ึนื“ึตื ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื—ึธื›ึธื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึตื—ึฒื‘ึตืจื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” - ืงื•ึนื“ึตื ืœึดืงึฐืจื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื”ึธืึทื—ึฒืจื•ึนืŸ, ืฉืึถื’ึผื•ึนืœึตืœ ืกึตืคึถืจ ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” - ื ื•ึนื˜ึตืœ ืฉื‚ึธื›ึธืจ ื›ึผึฐื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ. ืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ืžึทืฉืึฐืœึดื™ื ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทืฆึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ.

ื™ื—  ื•ึผืžึดื ึฐื”ึธื’ ืคึผึธืฉืื•ึผื˜ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื - ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืคืฉื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” (ืกื”"ืž ืขืฉื” ืœื‘) ืจืง ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”. "ืื™ืžืชื™? ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื–ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ - ืžืžื–ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ" (ืจืื” ืคื”"ืž ื’ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”,ื—. ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ืงืœื”, ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”). ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” - ื”ื™ื ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื™ื˜ ืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ - ืขื•ึนืœึถื” ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืœึตื•ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ. ืึตื™ืŸ ืฉืึธื ืœึตื•ึดื™ - ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืฉืึถืงึผึธืจึธื ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื—ื•ึนื–ึตืจ ื”ื•ึผื ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึทืขึทื ืฉืึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืœึตื•ึดื™; ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืึทื—ึตืจ, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ: ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืœ, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ืขึธืœึธื” ื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืึทื—ึตืจ. ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืœึตื•ึดื™ ืึทื—ึทืจ ืœึตื•ึดื™, ืฉืึถืžึผึธื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ: ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดืฉึผืึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืœ.

ื™ื˜  ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืœึตื•ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐืœึธืœ - ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื“ืจ ื–ื”. ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึธืกื•ึผืœ - ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืœืœ', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฆืืฆื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืืกื•ืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืœื ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•.

ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” - ืกืคืจ ืื”ื‘ื”.
ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”

ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”
http://www.mishnetorah.co.il
[email protected]
077-4167003
ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื™: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™
ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื”: ื”ืœืœ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™, ื“"ืจ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ืงืืจื”, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื˜ืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืจื•ืขื™ ื“ื•ื‘ืงื™ืŸ
(c) ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช.

ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il