ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
  • ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืžื–ืœ

ืœื ืจืง ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ (ืื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช) ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืŸ. ื ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืœืœื•.
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[ื] ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื (ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช, ืขืจืš: ื”ืœืœ, ืก"ืง 18). ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื—ื•ื ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืก. 'ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืชืกืคืจ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ ื‘ื ืš ื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืš ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”'!' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™, ื‘). ื•ืื•ืžืจ 'ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜, ื˜ื–). ืžืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ืื–ื›ื™ืจ, ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”', ื›ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื’ืžืœื ื• (ืœ' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืงืžืฅ) ื”', ื•ืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื’, ื–). 'ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ืงืจืื• ื‘ืฉืžื•, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื ืขืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืฉืžื•' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื‘, ื“). ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, 'ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื ื• ื•ื ื“ืขื, ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื•, ืœื ื ื›ื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ื”ื, ืœื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”' ื•ืขื–ื•ื–ื• ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื”' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื—, ื’-ื“) ื•ื›ื•' (ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉืžื•ืช, ืขืž' ืงืžื”-ืงืžื•).

ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื™ืกืคืจื• ืชื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”', ืืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ื”ืœืœ ืขื“ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื–ืืช ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืจืกื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื, ื’ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืžื–ืจื— ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืขื“ ืžื‘ื•ืื•. ื•ื’ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื™ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช "ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ" ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ "ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืœืืžืจ": "ืžื”ื• 'ืœืืžืจ'? ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื›ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืกื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื”" (ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื”, ืฉื, ืก"ืง 36). ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืก ื•ื ืก, ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ.

ื›ืœื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื? ื›ืŸ. ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจืช "ื”ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆืจื™" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื™ื’-ืงื™ื—), ืžื™ ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชื•? ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื™"ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื"ื™ ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื™"ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืขืชื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” ืืžืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื‘ื•ื›ื“ื ืฆืจ [ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื•], ื™"ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืืกืชืจ. ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื•ืคืจืง, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆืจื” ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื ื’ืืœื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื’ืื•ืœืชื" (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–.). ื”ืจื™ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื—ื›ืžื™ื" ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื. ืืžื ื ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื“ืฃ ื—) ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ื ืก ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืœื ืžืงืฆืชื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ (ืขืœ ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–): "ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื™ืจืขื” ืœื• ืฆืจื” ื•ื ื’ืืœ ืžืžื ื”, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืœืœ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆืจื” ื›ืฉื ื’ืืœื™ื ืžืžื ื”" ืขื›"ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื‘ืืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืฆื•ื” (ืื• ืจืฉื•ืช) ื–ื•? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื”ืจื•ื‘? ืืœื ื "ืœ ื›ื™ ืคืกืง ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืืœื ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืžืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœืœ. ื•ืื ืชืฉืืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื? ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ื ืจื‘ื™ื? ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช (ืขืจืš: ื”ืœื›ื”, ืก"ืง 607-610) ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื ืงืจื "ืจื‘ื™ื" ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช (ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืฆื™ื˜ื˜ื ื•).

ืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื ืก ืฉืœื ืื™ืจืข ืœื›ืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžื ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ, ื ื›ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื? ื•ื’ื ืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืชืงื ื” ื›ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืงื™ืคื” ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืงื™ื? ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื–ืืช ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงืฆื) ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืช ืจ"ืž ืืœืฉื™ืš ื•ืžืกื›ื "ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ืœื•ื” ืขืžื”ื ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœื”ื ื ืก". ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื—ืช"ืก: "ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื•ืžืฅ" (ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืฉ"ืฅ 1630), ืกื™' ืชืชืฉ"ื˜, ืžื”ื ืก ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื’ื ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ืžืงื•ื" ืขื›"ืœ (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ื’ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื‘ื•ืจื’, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜, ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื”). ื•ื‘ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื–ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ "ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืกื•ืฃ ืขืจืš: "ืคื•ืจื™ื", ืขืž' 216-217 ืžื‘ื™ื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื ื• ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• "ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘" ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ืœื”ื ื ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. (ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ืื ืฆืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืกื•ืฃ ืขืจืš: "ืคื•ืจื™ื").

ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืจืจื ื• ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื ื• ืžืžื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื›"ื– ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจื—, ืžืžืขืจื‘ (ืžืฆืจื™ื), ืžื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื“ืจื•ื (ืžื™ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืจืืŸ). ื•ื ืกื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื• ืœื ื•. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ 424 ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื. ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืง"ืž ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ืœื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืก ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืื–. ืจื”"ืž ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ืœื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืฆื ื•ืชื ื•ืฉื ืืชื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืคื•, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ"ืข. ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืชืงื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื”ืคืชืขื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืื– ื™ืจื“ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืจืง ื›-400 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื”ืฉืืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื• ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ื—ื’). ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจื“ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื™ืฃ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืžื ืชืง ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืจื“ื ื™ื. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืื•ืžืœืœ ื•ืงืฉื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื‘ื ื•! ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื ืฉืง ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉ"ืข. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืœื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืจื“ื ื™ื ืžืชืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ("ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื" ื•"ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืจื™ื") ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื™ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืข"ืค ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืื‘ืœ ืคืขื ื”ืชืงื™ืคื• ื•ืคืขื ืœื, ื•ื”ืคืขื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืชืงื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”' ื“ื•ืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืื—ื™ื–ืชื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืคืขื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงื™ืคื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืœื ื ืื‘ื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื ื• ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื” ื ืคืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ! ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืกืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ.

ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ื•ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉื‘ื— ื•ืžื”ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”' ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื”ืžืœืš ืžืฉื™ื—, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื—ืจื™ื‘ ื•ืฆื‘ืื™ื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื“.). ืงื™ื˜ืจื’ื” ืžื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ "ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœื ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ืš, ืชืขืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื™ื—?" ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ืกืชืชื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื ืžื ืขื” ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืœื—ื–ืงื™ื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื–ื”? ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• "ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•". ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” (ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื“, ืคืกืงื ืชืฉื•ืจื™ ืžืจืืฉ ืืžื ื”) ื”ืจื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื’ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื•? ืืœื ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื•ืชื‘ืข ืžืžื ื• "ื–ืžืจื• ื”'!" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื™ื‘) ืชืžื” ืœื• "ืœืžื”?" ืขื ื” ืœื• "ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืื•ืช ืขืฉื”!" ืขื ื” ืœื• ื—ื–ืงื™ื” "ืžื•ื“ืขืช [ื•' ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉื•ืจืง] ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืžื” ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื ืกื™ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”? ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื–ืืช ืžืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื•. ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื’ืœื’ืœ ื—ืžื” (ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข) ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจืงื™ืข, ื•ืจืื• (ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช) ื ืกื™ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื?". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจ ื“ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื“ื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: "ืืžืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”: ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื” ืžื›ืคืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”" ืขื›"ืœ. ื”ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื–ืœื–ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืงืฆื™ื‘ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื”ืœืœ, ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืžืฉ "ื›ืคืจื”" ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื”.

ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื• ืฉื˜ืขื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืœืžื”? ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ืก, ื‘ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื•. ื•ื”ืื“ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืืคืง ื•ืœื™ื“ื•ื, ืืœื ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช ืžืชื•ืš ืœื‘ื• ื•ืžืคื™ื• ("ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืคืจืงื™ื ืžื’, ื ื’ ื•ืขืž' ืงืขื•, ืงืฆื—). ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืชืจื’ืฉ, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ.

[ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืœื ืจืง ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืข"ืค ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘"ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ ืžื•ื™ืœื ื", ืข"ื™ ืจ' ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืœื ื“ื•ื™ (ืขืž' ื˜ื•, ื”ืขืจื” 12)].

ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืžื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืœื” ืžืžื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœืช ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ: "ืื ืืฉื›ื—ืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื›ื— ื™ืžื™ื ื™, ื›ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขืฆื ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœื" (ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืจืง ื›ื’, ืขืž' ืงื™ื–). ืžืฉื•ื ืžื”? ืืœื ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืงื•ืจื ืœืขื™ืจ ื–ื• "ื”' ืฉืžื”" (ืฉ' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืงืžืฅ) ื•ื—ื–"ืœ ื“ืจืฉื• ื”ืžืœื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉ' ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ืฉื‘ื (ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืขื” ืข"ื‘). ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ? ืžื‘ืืจ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ: "ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”" (ืฉื, ืคืจืง ืž, ืขืž' ืงืข). ื•ืขื•ื“: "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ืขื™ืจ, ืจืง ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช" (ืฉื, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ื ื). "ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข" (ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ื ืชื™ื‘ ื’ืž"ื—, ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืง ื“). ืข"ืข ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื, ืขืž' ืงื ื, ืื™ืš ื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ!

ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆืคื™ื ืื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ื ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™. ื‘ืกืคืจื ื• "ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" (ืคืจืฉืช ืจืื”, ืขืž' 631) ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื ื• "ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ" (ืขืž' 221-227) ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœื ื• ืžืชื ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื–ื•, ื™ืงืจ ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืœืœ ื•ืœืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ืžืขื ืง ืฉืžื™ื ื–ื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืœืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืข ื›ื ืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฆื™ืฆื™ื•ืช (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื‘: ื“"ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช), ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืขืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื” ื’ื•ืขืฉืช ื•ืจื•ืขืฉืช ื•ื ืจื’ืฉืช ืœื–ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ ื”' ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื• ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•.

ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจ "ื ื—ืœืช ื“ื•ื“" ืขืœ ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจ ื“ืจืฉื•ืช "ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“". ื‘ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื™ื‘ (ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื‘"ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”", ืขืž' 128) ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืข"ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื” ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืœื’ืื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ื‘ืก"ื“ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘"ืฉืคืช ืืžืช" (ืขืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืฉื ืช ืชืจืœ"ื‘) ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืขืฉืื•ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื”. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืžื”ืฉื™"ืช ื•ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื, ืข"ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื”ืืจืช ื”ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื›ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืกื“ ื”', ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ, ื›ืš ื ืฉืืจ ืืฆืœื• ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช" ืขื›"ืœ.

ืจื‘ื ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืขืœ "ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื ื• ืจืก"ื’", ื—"ื ืขืž' 515) ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื™ื–.) ืฉืื ื• ื ืืžืจ ืขืฆื ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื”ืœืœ, "ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื” ื”ืฉื™"ืช ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืœื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ. ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” [ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื] "ืฉื™ืจื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื”" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื›ื) ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื” ื’"ื› ืืฉืจ ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื™ืช' ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืชืจืื” ืœื ื• ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื• ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื• . ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื".
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
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ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
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ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il