ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ
  • ืคื ื—ืก
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืจื›ื”
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12 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 54 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ืžืงื•ื ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงืจืื ื• ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืคื ื—ืก, ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื. ืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื ื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“:
ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึทื— ื”' ื ึถื’ึถื“ ื›ึผึธืœ ืงึฐื”ึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐืจึนืฉื‚ ื›ึผึทืคึผึธื™ื• ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื: ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึทืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึผึธืžื•ึนืšึธ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืžึดืžึผึทืขึทืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืชึผึธื—ึทืช ืฉืึนืžึตืจ ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึถืกึถื“ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื”ึนืœึฐื›ึดื™ื ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื... ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืขึตื™ื ึถืšึธ ืคึฐืชึปื—ื•ึนืช ืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึธื™ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึฐืžึดื™ ืฉืึธื ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืขึท ืึถืœ ื”ึทืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ื›ื‘ - ื›ื˜)
ืฉืœืžื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ:
ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืœ ืชึผึฐื—ึดื ึผึทืช ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืึถืœ ืžึฐืงื•ึนื ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืกึธืœึธื—ึฐืชึผึธ: ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธืฉืึธื ื‘ื•ึน ืึธืœึธื” ืœึฐื”ึทืึฒืœึนืชื•ึน ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืึธืœึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธืคึทื˜ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐืฉืึดื™ืขึท ืจึธืฉืึธืข ืœึธืชึตืช ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉืื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทืฆึฐื“ึผึดื™ืง ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืœึธืชึถืช ืœื•ึน ื›ึผึฐืฆึดื“ึฐืงึธืชื•ึน: ื‘ึผึฐื”ึดื ึผึธื’ึตืฃ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืกึธืœึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึตื‘ึนืชึธื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธ ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื: ื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืขึธืฆึตืจ ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึธื˜ึธืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžึตื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืชึธื ื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึทืขึฒื ึตื: ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืกึธืœึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืชื•ึนืจึตื ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตืœึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืžึธื˜ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื”: ืจึธืขึธื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื“ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึดื“ึผึธืคื•ึนืŸ ื™ึตืจึธืงื•ึนืŸ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ื—ึธืกึดื™ืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธืฆึทืจ ืœื•ึน ืึนื™ึฐื‘ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉืึฐืขึธืจึธื™ื• ื›ึผึธืœ ื ึถื’ึทืข ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื—ึฒืœึธื”: ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึธืœ ืชึผึฐื—ึดื ึผึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึฐื›ึนืœ ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึดื™ืฉื ื ึถื’ึทืข ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ื•ึน ื•ึผืคึธืจึทืฉื‚ ื›ึผึทืคึผึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: (ืฉื ืœ-ืœื—)
ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ื•ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ื•ื”' ื™ืฉืžืข ื•ื™ืกืœื—.
ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึถืœ ื”ึทื ึผึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ืžึตืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”ื•ึผื ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ: ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึถืช ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึนืขึฒืšึธ ื”ึทื ึผึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึผึตืœ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”: ืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืžึฐื›ื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ื›ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทื ึผึธื›ึฐืจึดื™ ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึทืžึผึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ืœึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึนืชึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึดืžึฐืšึธ ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™: ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึตืฆึตื ืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ืœึทืžึผึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืœึธื—ึตื ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”' ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื ึดืชึดื™ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ: ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืชึผึฐื—ึดื ึผึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึธื: ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ ื›ึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืŸ ืึธื“ึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ื•ึฐืึธื ึทืคึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึธื ื•ึผื ึฐืชึทืชึผึธื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผื ืฉืึนื‘ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื”ึธืื•ึนื™ึตื‘ ืจึฐื—ื•ึนืงึธื” ืื•ึน ืงึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึธื”: ื•ึฐื”ึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉืึนื‘ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื—ึธื˜ึธืื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึถืขึฑื•ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืจึธืฉืึธืขึฐื ื•ึผ: ื•ึฐืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื ื‘ึผึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืึทืจึฐืฆึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึธื ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึธื—ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ึผึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ: ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึธ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืžึฐื›ื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืชึผึฐื—ึดื ึผึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึธื: (ืฉื ืžื-ืžื˜)
ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื:
ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื... ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ... ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ - ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื... ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื - ื™ื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืจืช; ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืจืช - ื™ืจืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืคื•ืจืช... ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“. (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ.)
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ื. ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืื ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง - ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืžืชืคืœืœ 'ื“ืจืš ืืจืฆื' ื•ื“ืจืš 'ื”ืขื™ืจ' ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืžืจื—ืง ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•"ืœื™ืช ืืชืจ ืคื ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื”" (ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืชืงื•ื ื ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื—ืžืฉื™ืŸ) - ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื•, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื’, ื•ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืžื• ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื–ื• ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื•. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื›ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืฉื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: "ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช" (ื›ืœื™ื ื, ื•) ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ืžื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื.
ืื“ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื›ื ืก ื™ืฉืจ ืœืžืœืš, ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื ื™ืกื”. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืฉืจ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘: ืžื™ ืืชื”, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ืช, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช? ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ืš, ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ืืจืขื (ืข"ืค ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื—.). ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื ืจืื” ืื ื”ืžืœืš ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื”, ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืคื ื• ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืœืฉืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืš ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืœืš. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ืจืš ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืฉื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื).
ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื?
ื”ืฆืœ"ื— (ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”: "ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื ืœืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ), ื•ื‘ื’ืจืกื ืฉื‘ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื ืœืžืงื•ื" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”, ื).
ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—, ื™ื), ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘: "ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉืึทืขึทืจ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื" (ืฉื ื™ื–), ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืฉืœืžื”: "ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐืคึผึทืœึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื—, ืœื”), ื•ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชืคื–ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœืš ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืขื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืขืœื• ืœืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืกื›ื ื” ืกื›ื ืช ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื”ื“ืจืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื•ืฉื ืคืชื•ื— ื ื’ื“ ืฉืขืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื™ืขืœื• ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืขื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืชืจื™ืก ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ื˜ื— ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืชืคืœืชื• ืœืงื™ื™ื "ื•ึฐืงึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืขึธืœึดื™ืชึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื”'" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื—), ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœ"ื—: ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืืœื™ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืš ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืืœ "ื”ืžืงื•ื", ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช, ืฉืœื ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ื”ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื— ื˜ืจืžืคื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘, ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”. ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”. ืขื ื” ืœื•: ืกื‘ื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช ืžืื“ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ - ืฉื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื•ืช. ื›ืš ืืžืจืชื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ื’ื ื”ืฆืœ"ื— ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช.
ื”ืฆืœ"ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉ"ื”ืžืงื•ื" ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœืžื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืกื—, ื˜). ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ืœื™ืช ืืชืจ ืคื ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื”. ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื• ืœ"ืžืงื•ื" ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืžืžืฉ, "ืฉืึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”' ืœึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืชึธืžึดื™ื“" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื˜ื–, ื—) ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื“ื ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ, ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื”' ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื”ืžืงื•ื" ื”ื™ื "ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”" ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื•, ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ืืชื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ืืœื™ื• ื•ื—ืฉ ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ ืืš ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”: "ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื•ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•" โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื ื•, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืš ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืื” ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช "ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช" ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืืš ื’ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช.
ื›ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื
ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ืœึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ื—ึทื™ึผึธื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘, ื–) โ€“ "ืœืจื•ื— ืžืžืœืœื" (ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก), ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืื“ื ื–ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืคื— ื‘ืื“ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึผึทื— ื‘ึผึฐืึทืคึผึธื™ื• ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึทืช ื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื" (ืฉื) ื•ืžื–ื” ื‘ื ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืชืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื” ื•ื ื•ืฆืจ ืงื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ื— ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื— ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื™ื—ื“, ื›ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื”ื›ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืžืจื•ืžื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื - ื•ื›ื— ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืฉืคืข. ื›ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื›ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื• ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื - ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืืœ ืจืืฉื™ืชื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืื“ื.
ืชืคื™ืœื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื ืื• ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืื ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” (ื, ื-ื‘) ื›ื•ืชื‘:
ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื", ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื". ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื.
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืคื•ื ื” ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ืชื. ื•ื‘ืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืขืฉื• ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื”.
ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื”) ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: ืกืคืง ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœืงื•ืœื. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืชืจืฅ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ื
ืขื ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืœืš, ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืืฃ ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืžืœืš ืชื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœืฉื‘ื—ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก. ื–ื• ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš, "ื›ึผึธืœ ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ... ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืึทื—ึทืช ื“ึผึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึธืžึดื™ืช ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ืžึตืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ื˜ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช ืฉืึทืจึฐื‘ึดื™ื˜ ื”ึทื–ึผึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึฐื—ึธื™ึธื”" (ืืกืชืจ ื“, ื™ื) ืœื›ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ.
ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”' ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื•. ืืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื”ืื“ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ืื“ื ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•. ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืžึตืกึดื™ืจ ืึธื–ึฐื ื•ึน ืžึดืฉึผืึฐืžึนืขึท ืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื’ึผึทื ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธืชื•ึน ืชึผื•ึนืขึตื‘ึธื”" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื—, ื˜) ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื”ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘, ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืื” ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ื”' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื•ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืš. "ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ" ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ืฉืงื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ืจ ืื•ื–ื ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื ื•ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ: "ืฉืึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”' ืœึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืชึธืžึดื™ื“" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื˜ื–, ื—), ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืงื•ื“ื, ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืœื›ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ืจื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™-ื‘ืชื™ื ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื•: ืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื›ื. ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืœ-ื‘ื™ืช: ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื›ืš? ืขื ื” ืœื•: ืœื ื‘ืืช ื›ืขืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”?... ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ "ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืื™ืจ" ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืจืง ืื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”"ืฉืึดื•ึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ื”' ืœึฐื ึถื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ ืชึธืžึดื™ื“". ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช "ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื’:).
ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”
ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื' ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื“' ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื•-ื˜ื–:
ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“? ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ืžืฆื ื“ืขืชื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช ื•ืœื‘ื• ื˜ืจื•ื“ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื“ ืฉืชืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืขืชื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืฃ ืื• ืžื™ืฆืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื“ ืฉืชืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืขืชื•, ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ื™ืฉื”ื” ืฉืœืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื— ื•ืชืชืงืจืจ ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืชืคืœืœ.
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”? ืฉื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืœื‘ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืื” ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ืขืฉื” ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืื•ื™ ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื• ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืคื˜ืจ. ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืขื”.
ืœื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืš - ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืชืฉืข ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื•ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื - ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืจืชืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืจืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘:), ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื•ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจืชืŸ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”, ื), ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืชืžืจืช ืืœื ืžืชื‘ืจื›ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืชืคืชื—.
ืžืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜"ื• ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื“ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื—ืœืง ื–ื”. ื•ื–ื” ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ - ื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื”". ืืš ื‘ืคืจืง ื™' (ื) ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืื—ืจืช: "ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš". ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ: ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื“' ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื– ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ื–ื• ื›ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืš ืคืฉื˜ ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืœื ื›ืš.
ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื™ ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ. ืื ืื“ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืื– ืื ืฉื ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื. ืื ืื“ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœืœ, ื–ื” ืžืชืขืกืง, ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืœื•ื ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืš ืื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื.
ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื (ื) ืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ืื“ื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”:
ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช; ืื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช, ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ. ื”ื’ื”: ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื” ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ (ื˜ื•ืจ).
ืžืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”:
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื•ืžื“ ืืฆืœ "ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ" ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื™ืš ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื—ืกืจ ืœื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื”ื - ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื™. ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ "ื”ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื" ื›ืœืœ ื›"ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘' ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืืฆืœ ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืขืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ืขืชื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ืืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื“ื”ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืž"ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœืœ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ื•ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื–ื•ืœื˜ื™: ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืช โ€“ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”', ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” โ€“ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื›ืš: ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื ืืžืจ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื. ื•ืื ืื“ื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื•ื›ืขืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ื“ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืชื™ื - ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื, ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืœืœ, ืื• ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ืœื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืœื ืฉื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื. ื•ืื ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ - ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœ"ืžืงื•ื" ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ืื ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื“ืจื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื.
ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– (ืฉื•"ืช ื‘, ืชืจืžื—) ื ื™ืฉืืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ืกื•ื”ื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื—ื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ: ืฉืžืžื ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื–ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘, ื‘) ืื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึตื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืชึผึฐืคึดืœึผึธื” ื™ึดืงึผึธืจึตื ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื•, ื–).



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